In this study, Al–CuO nanocomposites were fabricated by sol-gel method. As a contrast, the thermite was prepared by physical mixing at the equivalence ratio of 0.5, 1, 2, respectively. The intermediates and samples as prepared were characterized by SEM and XRD. The exothermic properties of the two samples prepared at different equivalence ratios were tested and the reaction products were characterized by XRD. The SEM results show that the sample prepared by the sol-gel method demonstrates a micron-sized agglomerated sphere formed by a mutual wrapping of Al NPs and CuO NPs, and the particles are evenly distributed in the agglomerate. In addition, when the content of Al powder is seriously insufficient, the heat release of the sample prepared by physical mixing is 1.6 times that of by sol-gel method. With the increase of Al powder content, the exothermic properties of Al/CuO NPs prepared by sol-gel method began to increase significantly compared with physical mixing and the difference is 1.5 times when the equivalence ratio increases to 2. It can be concluded that the reason for this result may be attributed to the different mass transfer modes of components due to the different morphologies of samples.

在这项研究中，Al-CuO 纳米复合材料是通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的。相比之下，铝热剂是通过物理混合分别以 0.5、1、2 的当量比制备的。通过SEM和XRD表征所制备的中间体和样品。测试了以不同当量比制备的两种样品的放热性能，并通过XRD表征了反应产物。SEM结果表明，溶胶-凝胶法制备的样品呈现出由Al NPs和CuO NPs相互包裹形成的微米级团聚球，颗粒均匀分布在团聚体中。此外，当Al粉含量严重不足时，物理混合制备的样品放热量是溶胶-凝胶法制备样品的1.6倍。随着铝粉含量的增加，