Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes play key roles in the three-dimensional organization of genomes in all kingdoms of life. Recent insights from chromosome contact mapping experiments and single-molecule imaging assays suggest that these complexes achieve distinct cellular functions by extruding large loops of DNA while they move along the chromatin fiber. In this short review, we summarize recent insights into the molecular architecture of these unconventional DNA motor complexes, their interaction with their DNA substrates, and the remarkable dynamic changes they can undergo during their ATPase reaction cycle.

中文翻译：

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SMC 蛋白复合物对 DNA 环挤出的结构洞察。

染色体结构维持 (SMC) 蛋白复合物在所有生命王国中基因组的三维组织中发挥着关键作用。最近从染色体接触图实验和单分子成像分析中获得的见解表明，这些复合物通过在沿着染色质纤维移动时挤出大的 DNA 环来实现不同的细胞功能。在这篇简短的综述中，我们总结了最近对这些非常规 DNA 运动复合物的分子结构、它们与 DNA 底物的相互作用以及它们在 ATP 酶反应周期中可以经历的显着动态变化的见解。