Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer due to its rapid metastasis with a high recurrence rate following conventional therapy. Pine bark extract (PBE) from Pinus maritima contains numerous phenolic compounds and functions as a potent antioxidant. The present study aimed to analyze the potential anticancer properties of PBE on human malignant melanoma A375 cells. The chemical composition of PBE was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector. The effects of PBE on cell death, migration, and invasion were determined using xCELLigence Technology real-time cell analysis. Annexin/propidium iodide flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were conducted to detect cell apoptosis. PBE induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Cleaved caspase-3 expression and activity were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in cells treated with PBE compared with control cells. PBE ameliorated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Treatment of the cells with PBE in the presence of H₂O₂ led to significant (P < 0.001) reduction of matrix metallopeptidase-9, which is a mediator responsible for advanced melanoma. PBE induces A375 programmed cell death and suppresses cellular invasion by attenuating the ROS-dependent pathway associated with MMP-9 reduction.

黑色素瘤是皮肤癌中最具有侵略性的类型，因为它的快速转移和常规治疗后复发率很高。从松树皮提取物（PBE）沿海松树包含多种酚类化合物，可作为有效的抗氧化剂。本研究旨在分析PBE对人恶性黑色素瘤A375细胞的潜在抗癌特性。通过高效液相色谱/光电二极管阵列检测器确定PBE的化学成分。使用xCELLigence技术实时细胞分析确定了PBE对细胞死亡，迁移和侵袭的影响。进行膜联蛋白/碘化丙啶流式细胞术和Hoechst 33342染色以检测细胞凋亡。PBE诱导细胞凋亡并抑制细胞迁移和侵袭。与对照细胞相比，用PBE处理的细胞中裂解的caspase-3表达和活性显着增加（P <0.01）。PBE改善的过氧化氢（H ₂ O₂）诱导的活性氧（ROS）的形成。在H ₂ O ₂存在下用PBE处理细胞会导致基质金属肽酶9明显减少（P <0.001），基质金属肽酶9是导致晚期黑色素瘤的介体。PBE通过减弱与MMP-9还原相关的ROS依赖性途径诱导A375程序性细胞死亡并抑制细胞侵袭。