There is currently much interest in defining how the microbiota shapes immune responses in the context of cancer. Various studies in both mice and humans have associated particular commensal species with better (or worse) outcomes in different cancer types and following treatment with cancer immunotherapies. However, the mechanisms involved remain ill-defined and even controversial. In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology has invited six eminent scientists in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges for the field.

中文翻译：

---

我们可以利用微生物群来增强癌症免疫疗法的功效吗？

当前，人们对定义微生物群如何在癌症的背景下塑造免疫反应非常感兴趣。小鼠和人类的各种研究都将特定的共生物种与不同癌症类型以及接受癌症免疫疗法治疗后的更好（或更坏）结果相关联。但是，所涉及的机制仍然不确定，甚至存在争议。在此观点下，《自然评论免疫学》邀请了该领域的六位著名科学家分享他们对该领域关键问题和挑战的看法。