Abstract Context Palmatine, a biologically active isoquinoline alkaloid, possesses multiple pharmaceutical activities against mucosal infection and inflammation. Objective There are no reports about the influence of palmatine on uterine mucosal epithelial cells. Materials and methods We used proteomics to analyse differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in goat endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/mL, the dosage can induce inflammatory response, according to our previous study) for 12 h and then treated with palmatine (80 μg/mL) for 8 h; the dosage was selected based on MTT assay. The EECs without any treatment were used as controls. Every group was treated in triplicate. Results A total of 428 DEPs in LPS-stimulated group and 486 DEPs in the palmatine-treated group were identified. Functional annotation analysis showed that palmatine mainly regulated the protein expression of structural molecules involved in the response to stimuli. Pathway analysis showed that cell adhesion molecule (CaM) pathways were most significant enriched due to palmatine treatment. Junction adhesion molecule 1 (JAM1), nectin 1 (NECT1) and cadherin 5 (CDH5), which play important roles in the transepithelial migration (TEpM) of leukocytes, were significantly downregulated by palmatine. Meanwhile, other proteins essential to the maintenance of cell adhesion and those that facilitate leukocyte migration were upregulated after palmatine treatment. Discussion and conclusions: The results suggested that palmatine regulates the expression of CaMs to affect TEpM during uterine mucosal inflammation and provides novel insight to understanding and developing palmatine pharmacology. Palmatine is a promising drug for treatment of mucosal inflammation.

中文翻译：

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比较蛋白质组学分析表明巴马汀通过调节细胞粘附促进跨上皮迁移

摘要背景帕马汀是一种具有生物活性的异喹啉生物碱，具有多种抗粘膜感染和炎症的药物活性。目的目前尚无关于巴马汀对子宫黏膜上皮细胞影响的报道。材料和方法 我们使用蛋白质组学分析了脂多糖（LPS，5 μg/mL，根据我们之前的研究，该剂量可诱导炎症反应）刺激的山羊子宫内膜上皮细胞 (EEC) 中差异表达的蛋白质 (DEP) 12 小时，然后然后用巴马汀 (80 μg/mL) 处理 8 小时；根据MTT测定选择剂量。未经任何处理的 EECs 用作对照。每组一式三份处理。结果 LPS刺激组共鉴定出428个DEPs，巴马汀处理组鉴定出486个DEPs。功能注释分析表明，巴马汀主要调节参与刺激反应的结构分子的蛋白质表达。通路分析表明，由于巴马汀处理，细胞粘附分子 (CaM) 通路最显着富集。巴马汀显着下调了连接点粘附分子 1 (JAM1)、连接蛋白 1 (NECT1) 和钙粘蛋白 5 (CDH5)，它们在白细胞的跨上皮迁移 (TEpM) 中起重要作用。同时，其他维持细胞粘附所必需的蛋白质和那些促进白细胞迁移的蛋白质在巴马汀处理后上调。讨论和结论：结果表明，巴马汀在子宫粘膜炎症期间调节 CaMs 的表达以影响 TEpM，并为理解和发展巴马汀药理学提供了新的见解。Palmatine 是一种很有前景的治疗黏膜炎症的药物。