Biological risks potentially affect workers in multiple occupational sectors through their exposure to pathogenic agents. These risks must be carefully assessed to prevent adverse health effects. This article identifies and critically analyzes approaches that manage the qualitative evaluation of biological risk (EvBR) as part of occupational health and safety prevention, for which no standard method yet exists. Bibliographic and computing references were searched to identify qualitative EvBR approaches, which were then analyzed based on defined criteria, such as the risks studied and the type of assessment. Approaches proposing the most representative types of assessment were analyzed. EvBR approaches in an occupational setting were identified in 32 sources. “Workstation analysis” combined with “assessment by risk level” were the most common approaches. The predominant risk descriptors (RDs) were defined in a characterized and quantifiable way, and a variety of hazard levels and exposure indices were created. Overall, the risk was determined by summing or multiplying the hazard level and exposure indicators. The results confirmed that no methodological consensus currently exists regarding the EvBR and no approach has yet been described that integrates all the parameters to allow for a full assessment of biological risk. Based on the detailed analysis of the existing data, the present paper proposes a general approach.

中文翻译：

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工作场所生物风险评估：综述现有方法并进行综合描述

生物风险可能通过暴露于病原体而影响多个职业领域的工人。必须仔细评估这些风险，以防止对健康造成不利影响。本文确定并批判性地分析了作为职业健康和安全预防的一部分来管理生物风险定性评估（EvBR）的方法，目前尚无标准方法。搜索书目和计算参考文献以识别定性的EvBR方法，然后根据已定义的标准（例如，研究的风险和评估类型）进行分析。分析了提出最具代表性的评估类型的方法。在职业环境中的EvBR方法在32个来源中被确定。最常见的方法是“工作站分析”和“按风险水平进行评估”。以特征化和可量化的方式定义了主要风险描述符（RD），并创建了各种危害等级和暴露指数。总体而言，风险是通过将危害水平和暴露指标相加或相乘来确定的。结果证实，目前尚无关于EvBR的方法学共识，也没有描述整合所有参数以全面评估生物学风险的方法。在对现有数据进行详细分析的基础上，提出了一种通用方法。通过将危害等级和暴露指标相加或相乘来确定风险。结果证实，目前尚无关于EvBR的方法学共识，也没有描述整合所有参数以全面评估生物学风险的方法。在对现有数据进行详细分析的基础上，提出了一种通用方法。通过将危害等级和暴露指标相加或相乘来确定风险。结果证实，目前尚无关于EvBR的方法学共识，也没有描述整合所有参数以全面评估生物学风险的方法。在对现有数据进行详细分析的基础上，提出了一种通用方法。