Acute brain injury is the leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, which includes intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral ischaemia, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia‐ischaemia brain injury. Currently, clinical treatments for neurological dysfunction of acute brain injury have not been satisfactory. Osteopontin (OPN) is a complex adhesion protein and cytokine that interacts with multiple receptors including integrins and CD44 variants, exhibiting mostly neuroprotective roles and showing therapeutic potential for acute brain injury. OPN‐induced tissue remodelling and functional repair mainly rely on its positive roles in the coordination of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responses, blood‐brain barrier maintenance and anti‐apoptotic actions, as well as other mechanisms such as affecting the chemotaxis and proliferation of nerve cells. The blood OPN strongly parallel with the OPN induced in the brain and can be used as a novel biomarker of the susceptibility, severity and outcome of acute brain injury. In the present review, we summarized the molecular signalling mechanisms of OPN as well as its overall role in different kinds of acute brain injury.

中文翻译：

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骨桥蛋白作为急性脑损伤的治疗应用候选物。

急性脑损伤是全球范围内导致人类死亡和残疾的主要原因，包括脑内出血，蛛网膜下腔出血，脑缺血，外伤性脑损伤和缺氧缺血性脑损伤。目前，急性脑损伤的神经功能障碍的临床治疗尚不令人满意。骨桥蛋白（OPN）是一种复杂的粘附蛋白和细胞因子，可与多种受体（包括整合素和CD44变体）相互作用，主要表现出神经保护作用，并显示出治疗急性脑损伤的潜力。OPN诱导的组织重塑和功能修复主要依靠其在促炎和抗炎反应，血脑屏障维持和抗凋亡作用的协调中的积极作用，以及其他机制，例如影响神经细胞的趋化性和增殖。血液中的OPN与在大脑中诱导的OPN高度相似，可以用作急性脑损伤的易感性，严重性和预后的新型生物标志物。在本综述中，我们总结了OPN的分子信号传导机制及其在各种急性脑损伤中的整体作用。