The outset of realistic rendering is a desire to reproduce the appearance of the real world. Rendering techniques therefore operate at a scale corresponding to the size of objects that we observe with our naked eyes. At the same time, rendering techniques must be able to deal with objects of nearly arbitrary shapes and materials. These requirements lead to techniques that oftentimes leave the task of setting the optical properties of the materials to the user. Matching the appearance of real objects by manual adjustment of optical properties is however nearly impossible. We can render objects with a plausible appearance in this way but cannot compare the appearance of a manufactured item to that of its digital twin. This is especially true in the case of translucent objects, where we need more than a goniometric measurement of the optical properties. In this survey, we provide an overview of forward and inverse models for acquiring the optical properties of translucent materials. We map out the efforts in graphics research in this area and describe techniques available in related fields. Our objective is to provide a better understanding of the tools currently available for appearance specification when it comes to digital representations of real translucent objects.

中文翻译：

---

获取半透明材料光学特性的模型调查

逼真渲染的开始是希望重现现实世界的外观。因此，渲染技术的运行比例与我们用肉眼观察到的物体的大小相对应。同时，渲染技术必须能够处理几乎任意形状和材料的对象。这些要求导致的技术常常将设置材料的光学特性的任务留给用户。然而，通过手动调整光学特性来匹配真实物体的外观几乎是不可能的。我们可以通过这种方式渲染具有合理外观的物体，但无法将制造物品的外观与其数字孪生的外观进行比较。在半透明物体的情况下尤其如此，我们需要的不仅仅是光学特性的测角测量。在本次调查中，我们概述了用于获取半透明材料的光学特性的正向和反向模型。我们规划了该领域图形研究的工作，并描述了相关领域中可用的技术。我们的目标是在涉及真实半透明物体的数字表示时，更好地理解当前可用于外观规范的工具。