Abstract This paper examines the evolution of the geographic concentration of the Brazilian air transport network with a focus on its determinants and possible detachments from the spatial patterns of socioeconomic activity. We develop an econometric framework employing and contrasting the results of Gini, Herfindahl-Hirschman and Theil indexes, with and without normalisation to account for economic and demographic spatial dynamics. Our results suggest that the spatial dynamics of the air network and that of the country's economy and population are strongly tied for the majority of the considered determinants. However, we find suggestive evidence that the time trend after deregulation has produced some asymmetries in the evolution of these dimensions. As such, our analysis presents some implications for airline network planning and regulators, as it offers additional information to be considered for the understanding of extra-economic and extra-demographic impacts which may be inducive of significant changes in air transport markets.

中文翻译：

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空中交通和经济发展的地理集中度：巴西它们关联和脱钩的时空分析

摘要 本文考察了巴西航空运输网络地理集中度的演变，重点关注其决定因素和可能脱离社会经济活动空间模式的情况。我们开发了一个计量经济学框架，采用和对比 Gini、Herfindahl-Hirschman 和 Theil 指数的结果，使用和不使用标准化来解释经济和人口空间动态。我们的结果表明，航空网络的空间动态以及国家经济和人口的空间动态与大多数考虑的决定因素密切相关。然而，我们发现有启发性的证据表明，放松管制后的时间趋势在这些维度的演变中产生了一些不对称。因此，我们的分析对航空公司网络规划和监管机构有一些影响，