In the CO₂ welding process, a consumable wire electrode is used and metal transfer phenomena are involved. However, when the arc current is high, the molten wire behavior becomes unstable, and it leads to a large degree of spattering. In this study, a three-dimensional unified model comprising both the arc plasma and the molten wire was constructed, and the behavior of them was visualized using numerical simulations. The transfer mode is regarded as globular transfer in the numerical simulation with an arc current of 300 A. In addition, when the molten metal droplet becomes asymmetrical, the molten wire is pushed up by the arc plasma, and the transfer mode becomes repelled transfer. The temperature distribution and the metal vapor concentration distributions in the symmetrical and asymmetrical cases are significantly different. When the droplet shape is close to symmetrical, the metal vapor concentrates at the center of the arc plasma and the overall temperature of the arc plasma decreases. In contrast, when the droplet shape is asymmetrical, the high-temperature region and metal vapor region are separated. The numerical results showed that the properties of the arc plasma are significantly changed depending on the molten wire behavior.

中文翻译：

---

三维数值模拟可视化CO 2电弧焊过程中电弧等离子体和熔丝行为

在CO _2中焊接过程中，使用了可消耗的焊丝，并且涉及到金属转移现象。然而，当电弧电流高时，熔融线的行为变得不稳定，并且导致大量的飞溅。在这项研究中，建立了一个既包含电弧等离子体又包含熔融金属丝的三维统一模型，并使用数值模拟将其行为可视化。在数值模拟中，在电弧电流为300 A的情况下，该传递模式被视为球状传递。此外，当熔融金属滴变得不对称时，熔融金属丝被电弧等离子体推动，并且传递模式变为排斥传递。对称和不对称情况下的温度分布和金属蒸气浓度分布明显不同。当液滴形状接近对称时，金属蒸气集中在电弧等离子体的中心，电弧等离子体的整体温度降低。相反，当液滴形状不对称时，高温区域和金属蒸气区域分开。数值结果表明，电弧等离子体的特性会根据熔融金属丝的行为而发生显着变化。