This paper presents an integrated model by combining the raceway combustion model, the process model, and the hearth flow and heat transfer model for simulating an entire ironmaking blast furnace (BF). This integration eliminates major assumptions at the boundaries shared by these sub-models and enables linking the model with operating parameters at the BF top and bottom directly. The applicability of this integration is first examined through various applications. On this base, the usefulness of the integrated model is demonstrated by studying the effect of burden distribution on the in-furnace states of a 5000 m3 industrial BF. The simulation results with and without the integration are compared. Also, via the integrated model, the effect of the ore-to-coke (O/C) radial profile at the burden surface is evaluated in terms of internal flow and thermochemical behaviors as well as overall process performance. It is shown that for given BF conditions except for the O/C radial profile, the indirect reduction in the upper furnace increases with the improvement of uniformity in the radial profile, leading to higher top gas utilization and lower productivity. Meanwhile, the hearth center tends to develop lower temperatures and stronger natural convection that reduces the heat loss through hearth walls. This integrated model would open up a cost-effective method to examine the effect of top and bottom factors on BF performance under different conditions in a comprehensive matter.

中文翻译：

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炼铁高炉积分数学模型

本文通过结合滚道燃烧模型、过程模型和炉床流动和传热模型，提出了一个用于模拟整个炼铁高炉 (BF) 的集成模型。这种集成消除了这些子模型共享的边界处的主要假设，并能够将模型与高炉顶部和底部的操作参数直接联系起来。首先通过各种应用程序检查这种集成的适用性。在此基础上，通过研究炉料分布对 5000 m3 工业高炉炉内状态的影响，证明了集成模型的有用性。比较了有和没有集成的模拟结果。此外，通过集成模型，从内部流动和热化学行为以及整体工艺性能方面评估矿石到焦炭 (O/C) 径向分布对炉料表面的影响。结果表明，除O/C径向剖面外，对于给定的高炉条件，随着径向剖面均匀性的提高，上炉间接还原量增加，导致炉顶煤气利用率提高，生产率降低。同时，炉膛中心倾向于形成较低的温度和更强的自然对流，从而减少通过炉膛壁的热量损失。这种集成模型将开辟一种具有成本效益的方法，以全面检查顶部和底部因素对不同条件下高炉性能的影响。结果表明，除O/C径向剖面外，对于给定的高炉条件，随着径向剖面均匀性的提高，上炉间接还原量增加，导致炉顶煤气利用率提高，生产率降低。同时，炉膛中心倾向于形成较低的温度和更强的自然对流，从而减少通过炉膛壁的热量损失。这种集成模型将开辟一种具有成本效益的方法，以全面检查顶部和底部因素对不同条件下高炉性能的影响。结果表明，除O/C径向剖面外，对于给定的高炉条件，随着径向剖面均匀性的提高，上炉间接还原量增加，导致炉顶煤气利用率提高，生产率降低。同时，炉膛中心倾向于形成较低的温度和更强的自然对流，从而减少通过炉膛壁的热量损失。这种集成模型将开辟一种具有成本效益的方法，以全面检查顶部和底部因素对不同条件下高炉性能的影响。炉膛中心倾向于产生较低的温度和更强的自然对流，从而减少通过炉膛壁的热量损失。这种集成模型将开辟一种具有成本效益的方法，以全面检查顶部和底部因素对不同条件下高炉性能的影响。炉膛中心倾向于产生较低的温度和更强的自然对流，从而减少通过炉膛壁的热量损失。这种集成模型将开辟一种具有成本效益的方法，以全面检查顶部和底部因素对不同条件下高炉性能的影响。