An explosive eruption, associated with the formation of a large ignimbrite sheet and collapsed caldera, is the most severe volcanic disaster on Earth. As modern society has little experience with natural disasters triggered by such events, the integration of volcanological knowledge from geological, petrological, geochemical, and geophysical disciplines is necessary for risk assessment and hazard management planning of large-scale explosive eruptions. Here, I review current volcanological attempts at revealing the mechanisms underlying large-scale explosive eruptions to highlight future objectives. The detection of massive magma storage regions with the potential to generate large-scale explosive eruptions should be the first objective of risk evaluation and assessment for caldera-forming eruption scenarios. This detection requires the development of geophysical techniques used for structural exploration. Geochemical and petrological explorations of leaked gas and magma during precursory eruptions can be useful for investigating the state of a body of underground magma. Evaluation of the eruptibility of a magma chamber is also important for risk assessment, as is the estimation of the timescales of magma accumulation. Defining the triggers that destabilize large volume magma chambers that serve as zones of long-term storage is crucial for being able to provide short-term alerts. Petrological investigations of the magmatic products from past large-scale explosive eruptions are a key tool for such a goal. Modeling the distribution of erupted material, such as huge ignimbrite sheets and co-ignimbrite ash fall, is also crucial for risk assessment of large-scale explosive eruptions. Advancing the understanding of the mechanisms and effects of large-scale explosive eruptions requires development in various fields of volcanology along with the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines, thus promoting progress and interaction across various areas of volcanology and science and technology.

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理解爆炸性大规模喷发的火山学挑战

爆炸性喷发伴随着巨大的火山灰岩片和塌陷的火山口的形成，是地球上最严重的火山灾难。由于现代社会对此类事件引发的自然灾害经验很少，因此整合地质、岩石学、地球化学和地球物理学科的火山学知识对于大规模爆发性喷发的风险评估和危害管理规划是必要的。在这里，我回顾了当前的火山学尝试，以揭示大规模爆发性喷发的潜在机制，以突出未来的目标。探测有可能产生大规模爆炸性喷发的大量岩浆储存区应该是火山口形成喷发情景风险评估和评估的首要目标。这种探测需要发展用于构造勘探的地球物理技术。前驱喷发期间泄漏的气体和岩浆的地球化学和岩石学勘探可用于调查地下岩浆体的状态。评估岩浆房的喷发性对于风险评估也很重要，估计岩浆聚集的时间尺度也是如此。定义破坏作为长期储存区的大容量岩浆房稳定的触发器对于能够提供短期警报至关重要。对过去大规模爆发性喷发的岩浆产物进行岩石学研究是实现这一目标的关键工具。模拟喷发材料的分布，例如巨大的 ignimbrite 片和 co-ignbrite 灰落，对大规模爆炸性喷发的风险评估也至关重要。推进对大规模爆发性喷发机制和影响的认识需要火山学各个领域的发展，多学科知识的融合，从而促进火山学和科学技术各领域的进步和互动。