Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterised by β cell dysfunction and persistent hyperglycaemia. The disorder can be due to the absence of adequate pancreatic insulin production or a weak cellular response to insulin signalling. Among the three types of DM, namely, type 1 DM (T1DM), type 2 DM (T2DM), and gestational DM (GDM); T2DM accounts for almost 90% of diabetes cases worldwide. Epigenetic traits are stably heritable phenotypes that result from certain changes that affect gene function without altering the gene sequence. While epigenetic traits are considered reversible modifications, they can be inherited mitotically and meiotically. In addition, epigenetic traits can randomly arise in response to environmental factors or certain genetic mutations or lesions, such as those affecting the enzymes that catalyse the epigenetic modification. In this review, we focus on the role of DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, in the pathogenesis of T2DM.

中文翻译：

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DNA甲基化在2型糖尿病发病机制中的作用。

糖尿病（DM）是一种以β细胞功能障碍和持续高血糖为特征的慢性疾病。这种疾病可能是由于缺乏足够的胰腺胰岛素产生或对胰岛素信号传导的细胞反应较弱。DM的三种类型中，即1型DM（T1DM）、2型DM（T2DM）和妊娠DM（GDM）；T2DM 占全球糖尿病病例的近 90%。表观遗传性状是可稳定遗传的表型，由影响基因功能但不改变基因序列的某些变化引起。虽然表观遗传性状被认为是可逆的修饰，但它们可以通过有丝分裂和减数分裂遗传。此外，表观遗传特征可以随机出现以响应环境因素或某些基因突变或病变，例如影响催化表观遗传修饰的酶的那些。在这篇综述中，我们关注 DNA 甲基化（一种表观遗传修饰）在 T2DM 发病机制中的作用。