Since 2011, beach nourishment has become the preferred solution for mitigating coastal erosion along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, as it is considered “soft” and environmentally friendly. However, using fine sand for nourishment in Israel without supporting measures is problematic due to the high wave energy and strong longshore currents in the littoral zone that tend to drift the sand away. This would require ongoing, multiyear, costly, and never-ending maintenance. In the present study, we analyzed sand and pebble alternatives for nourishment of the eroded beach in front of Tel Ashkelon, an important coastal archaeological site in southern Israel that suffers from severe erosion. Based on Pranzini et al. (2018), we analyzed the alternatives, evaluated their cost and efficiency, and assessed their potential environmental impacts. The study concluded that for protecting the southern part of Tel Ashkelon beach, pebble nourishment is the optimal solution, mainly regarding durability and cost. Using this material for nourishment will better absorb the storm wave impact and protect the foot of the archaeological Tel from erosion, and require lower maintenance cost than using finer sand nourishment.

中文翻译：

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缓解以色列地中海沿岸古代沿海遗址侵蚀的海滩养护替代品

自2011年以来，海滩营养已被视为缓解以色列地中海沿岸海岸侵蚀的首选解决方案，因为它被认为是“软”且环保的。但是，由于沿岸地区的高波浪能和强大的近岸海流往往会使沙子流失，因此在以色列不采用任何辅助措施的情况下使用细沙进行营养就存在问题。这将需要持续，多年，昂贵且永无休止的维护。在本研究中，我们分析了沙石和鹅卵石的替代品，以补充以色列南部南部一个重要的沿海考古遗址，遭受严重侵蚀的Tel Ashkelon前面被侵蚀海滩的营养。基于Pranzini等。（2018），我们分析了替代方案，评估了其成本和效率，并评估了其潜在的环境影响。研究得出结论，为了保护Tel Ashkelon海滩的南部，卵石营养是最佳解决方案，主要是在耐用性和成本方面。与使用更细的沙粒养料相比，使用这种物质养料将更好地吸收风暴波的冲击并保护考古电话的脚免遭侵蚀，并且需要较低的维护成本。