Erosion processes threaten the economy, the environment and the ecosystem of coastal areas. In addition, human action can significantly affect the characteristics of the soil and the landscape of the shoreline. In this context, pursuing environmental sustainability is of paramount importance in solving environmental degradation of coastal areas worldwide, with particular reference to the design of complex engineering structures. Among all the measures conceived to protect the shoreline, environmentally friendly interventions should be supported by the stakeholders and tested by means of mathematical models, in order to evaluate their effectiveness in coastal protection through the evaluation of wave damping and bedload. This study focuses on protected nourishments, as strategic interventions aimed to counteract coastal erosion without affecting the environment. Here, we develop a simplified method to provide a preliminary assessment of the efficiency of submerged breakwaters in reducing wave energy at a relatively low computational cost, if compared to the standard 2D or full 3D mathematical models. The methodology is applied at Calabaia Beach, located in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), in the area of the Marine Experimental Station of Capo Tirone. The results show that the simplified method is proven to be an essential tool in assisting researchers and institutions to address the effects of submerged breakwaters on nourishment protection.

中文翻译：

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一种评估水下防波堤对波浪阻尼影响的简化方法：以卡拉巴亚海滩为例

侵蚀过程威胁着沿海地区的经济，环境和生态系统。此外，人类行为会严重影响土壤和海岸线景观的特征。在这种情况下，追求环境的可持续性对于解决全世界沿海地区的环境退化至关重要，特别是要设计复杂的工程结构。在为保护海岸线而采取的所有措施中，对环境友好的干预措施应得到利益相关者的支持并通过数学模型进行测试，以便通过评估波浪的阻尼和河床荷载来评估其对海岸保护的有效性。这项研究的重点是受保护的营养，作为旨在在不影响环境的情况下应对沿海侵蚀的战略干预措施。在这里，我们开发了一种简化的方法，与标准的2D或完整的3D数学模型相比，可以以相对较低的计算成本来初步评估水下防波堤在降低波浪能方面的效率。该方法适用于位于第勒尼安海南部（意大利）卡波蒂隆海洋实验站地区的卡拉巴亚海滩。结果表明，简化方法被证明是协助研究人员和机构解决淹没防波堤对营养保护作用的重要工具。如果与标准2D或完整3D数学模型相比，我们开发了一种简化的方法，可以以相对较低的计算成本来初步评估淹没式防波堤在降低波浪能方面的效率。该方法适用于位于第勒尼安海南部（意大利）卡波蒂隆海洋实验站地区的卡拉巴亚海滩。结果表明，简化方法被证明是协助研究人员和机构解决淹没防波堤对营养保护作用的重要工具。如果与标准2D或完整3D数学模型相比，我们开发了一种简化的方法，可以以相对较低的计算成本对水下防波堤在降低波浪能方面的效率进行初步评估。该方法适用于位于第勒尼安海南部（意大利）卡波蒂隆海洋实验站地区的卡拉巴亚海滩。结果表明，简化方法被证明是协助研究人员和机构解决淹没防波堤对营养保护作用的重要工具。