CERN operates one of the most complex particle accelerator facilities in the world. Several different hazards, including fires, are present and need to be investigated and reduced to a tolerable level. Toward this goal, CERN aims at developing a catalog containing detailed fire dynamics descriptions of combustible items present in its facilities. This paper contributes to this catalog in two ways. First, through the development of a design fire calculator for electrical cabinets that allows the determination of potential design fire curves for any number of electrical cabinets/racks. The second contribution was to experimentally characterize the smoke production rates and smoke particle properties of the most common cables and insulating oils used at CERN by coupling a fast particle mobility analyzer to a cone calorimeter. The two particle size modes (accumulation and nucleation mode) could be linked to the fire properties and heat release rate. Accumulation mode particles (~200 nm) were associated with high heat release rates and high soot emissions from the flame. This study identifies a necessity to consider ultrafine particle emissions with low mass emissions but high number emissions in relation to risk assessments pertaining to nuclear facilities and dispersion of radioactive aerosols to the surrounding environment.

中文翻译：

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用于核设施基于性能的防火设计的设计火灾和粒子排放的识别和表征

CERN 运营着世界上最复杂的粒子加速器设施之一。存在几种不同的危害，包括火灾，需要进行调查并将其降低到可以容忍的水平。为实现这一目标，CERN 旨在开发一个目录，其中包含对其设施中存在的可燃物品的详细火灾动力学描述。这篇论文在两个方面对这个目录做出了贡献。首先，通过开发电气柜设计火灾计算器，可以确定任意数量电气柜/机架的潜在设计火灾曲线。第二个贡献是通过将快速粒子迁移率分析仪连接到锥形量热仪，通过实验表征 CERN 使用的最常见电缆和绝缘油的烟雾生成速率和烟雾粒子特性。两种粒径模式（累积和成核模式）可能与燃烧特性和热释放速率有关。累积模式粒子 (~200 nm) 与火焰的高热释放率和高烟灰排放有关。这项研究确定了在与核设施和放射性气溶胶向周围环境扩散有关的风险评估中考虑具有低质量排放但高数量排放的超细颗粒排放的必要性。