Effect of offshore waves and vegetation on the sediment budget in the Virginia Coast Reserve (VA),Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

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Effect of offshore waves and vegetation on the sediment budget in the Virginia Coast Reserve (VA)
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.4951
William Nardin ₁ , Sara Lera _{1,

2} , Jaap Nienhuis ₃

Affiliation

The potential for rapid coastline modification in the face of sea‐level rise or other stressors is alarming, since coasts are often densely populated and support valuable infrastructure. In addition to coastal submergence, nutrient‐related water pollution is a growing concern for coastal wetlands. Previous studies found that the Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) of coastal wetlands acts as a first‐order control of their sustainability, but SSC dynamics are poorly understood. Our study focuses on the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, a shallow multiple tidal inlet system in the USA. We apply numerical modelling (Delft3D‐SWAN) and subsequent analyses to determine SSC dynamics within the VCR. In particular, we consider two important controls on SSC in the system: vegetation (seagrass and salt marsh) and offshore waves. Our results show that vegetation colonies and increased wave energy lengthen water residence time. The reduction in the tidal prism decreases SSC export from the bay via tidal inlets, leading to increased sediment retention in the bay. We found that alongshore currents can enhance lagoon SSC by importing fine sediments from an adjacent inlet along the coastline. Our numerical experiments on vegetation seasonality can improve the understanding of wave climate impact on coastal bay sediment budget. Offshore waves increase sediment export from coastal bays, particularly during winter seasons with low vegetation density. Therefore, our study can help managers and stakeholders to understand how to implement restoration strategies for the VCR. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

海洋波浪和植被对弗吉尼亚海岸保护区（VA）沉积物收支的影响

面对海平面上升或其他压力因素，迅速进行海岸线改造的潜力令人震惊，因为沿海地区通常人口稠密，并支持宝贵的基础设施。除沿海淹没外，与营养有关的水污染也是沿海湿地日益关注的问题。先前的研究发现，沿海湿地的悬浮泥沙浓度（SSC）是对其可持续性的第一级控制，但对SSC动态的了解却很少。我们的研究重点是弗吉尼亚海岸保护区（VCR）长期生态研究（LTER）站点，这是美国的浅层多潮汐进水系统。我们应用数值建模（Delft3D-SWAN）和后续分析来确定VCR中的SSC动态。特别是，我们考虑了系统中SSC的两个重要控件：植被（海草和盐沼）和近海波浪。我们的结果表明，植被群落和波能的增加延长了水的停留时间。潮汐棱镜的减小会减少SSC通过潮汐口从海湾的出口，从而导致沉积物在海湾中的滞留量增加。我们发现，沿岸水流可通过从沿海岸线的相邻进口处进口细沙来增强泻湖的南南合作。我们对植被季节性的数值实验可以增进人们对波浪气候对沿海海湾沉积物收支的影响的认识。海上波浪增加了沿海海湾的沉积物出口，特别是在植被密度低的冬季。因此，我们的研究可以帮助管理人员和利益相关者了解如何为VCR实施恢复策略。分级为4 +©2020 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd. 我们的结果表明，植被群落和波能的增加延长了水的停留时间。潮汐棱镜的减小会减少SSC通过潮汐口从海湾的出口，从而导致沉积物在海湾中的滞留量增加。我们发现，沿岸水流可通过从沿海岸线的相邻进口处进口细沙来增强泻湖的南南合作。我们对植被季节性的数值实验可以增进人们对波浪气候对沿海海湾沉积物收支的影响的认识。海上波浪增加了沿海海湾的沉积物出口，特别是在植被密度低的冬季。因此，我们的研究可以帮助管理人员和利益相关者了解如何为VCR实施恢复策略。分级为4 +©2020 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd. 我们的结果表明，植被群落和波能的增加延长了水的停留时间。潮汐棱镜的减小会减少SSC通过潮汐口从海湾的出口，从而导致沉积物在海湾中的滞留量增加。我们发现，沿岸水流可通过从沿海岸线的相邻进口处进口细沙来增强泻湖的南南合作。我们对植被季节性的数值实验可以增进人们对波浪气候对沿海海湾沉积物收支的影响的认识。海上波浪增加了沿海海湾的沉积物出口，特别是在植被密度低的冬季。因此，我们的研究可以帮助管理人员和利益相关者了解如何为VCR实施恢复策略。分级为4 +©2020 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

更新日期：2020-07-12

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