Adult humans exhibit high interindividual variation in habitual sleep durations, with short sleepers typically sleeping less than 6 h per night and long sleepers typically sleeping more than 9 h per night. Analysis of the time course of homeostatic sleep drive in habitual short and long sleepers has not identified differences between these groups, leading to the hypothesis that habitual short sleep results from increased tolerance to high levels of homeostatic sleep drive. Using a physiologically-based mathematical model of the sleep-wake regulatory network, we investigate responses to acute sleep deprivation in simulated populations of habitual long, regular and short sleepers that differ in daily levels of homeostatic sleep drive. The model predicts timing and durations of wake, rapid eye movement (REM), and non-REM (NREM) sleep episodes as modulated by the homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian rhythm, which is entrained to an external light cycle. Model parameters are fit to experimental measures of baseline sleep durations to construct simulated populations of individuals of each sleeper type. The simulated populations are validated against data for responses to specific acute sleep deprivation protocols. We use the model to predict responses to a wide range of sleep deprivation durations for each sleeper type. Model results predict that all sleeper types exhibit shorter sleep durations during recovery sleep that occurs in the morning, but, for recovery sleep times occurring later in the day, long and regular sleepers show longer and more variable sleep durations, and can suffer longer lasting disruption of daily sleep patterns compared to short sleepers. Additionally, short sleepers showed more resilience to sleep deprivation with longer durations of waking episodes following recovery sleep. These results support the hypothesis that differential responses to sleep deprivation between short and long sleepers result from differences in the tolerance for homeostatic sleep pressure.

成年人类在习惯性睡眠时间方面表现出较高的个体差异，短睡眠者通常每晚睡眠少于6小时，长睡眠者通常每晚睡眠超过9小时。对惯常的短期和长期睡眠者体内稳态睡眠驱动的时间过程的分析尚未发现这些组之间的差异，从而得出这样的假设，即习惯性短期睡眠是由于对高水平稳态睡眠驱动的耐受性增加所致。使用基于生理学的睡眠-唤醒调节网络的数学模型，我们研究了每天稳态睡眠驱动水平各不相同的惯常长，规则和短睡眠者对急性睡眠剥夺的反应。该模型可以预测唤醒时间，持续时间，快速眼动（REM），和非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠发作受稳态睡眠驱动力和昼夜节律的调节，而这种昼夜节律则伴随着外部光周期。模型参数适合基线睡眠时间的实验测量，以构建每种睡眠者类型的个体的模拟种群。针对特定急性睡眠剥夺方案的响应数据对模拟人群进行了验证。我们使用该模型预测每种睡眠者对广泛的睡眠剥夺持续时间的反应。模型结果预测，在早上的恢复睡眠期间，所有类型的睡眠者都表现出较短的睡眠时间，但是，对于在当天晚些时候发生的恢复睡眠时间而言，长时间的睡眠者和正常的睡眠者表现出更长且变化更大的睡眠时间，与短睡者相比，每天的睡眠方式可能会遭受更长时间的持久破坏。此外，睡眠时间短的人在恢复睡眠后表现出对睡眠剥夺的更大抵抗力，并具有更长的醒来时间。这些结果支持这样的假说，即短睡者和长睡者之间对睡眠剥夺的不同反应是由于对稳态睡眠压力的耐受性不同所致。