Remediation of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is critical due to the high persistence and mobility of these compounds. In this study, stabilization and solidification (S/S) treatment was evaluated at pilot-scale using 6 tons of soil contaminated with PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam. At pilot-scale, long-term PFAS removal over 6 years of precipitation (simulated using irrigation) in leachate from non-treated contaminated reference soil and S/S-treated soil with 15 % binder and 0.2 % GAC was compared. PFAS removal rate from leachate, corresponding to reduction in leaching potential after 6 years, was >97 % for four dominant PFASs (perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)), but low (3%) for short-chain perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA). During the pilot-scale experiment, PFAS sorption strength (i.e., soil-water partitioning coefficient (K_d)) increased 2- to 40-fold for both reference and S/S-treated soil, to much higher levels than in laboratory-scale tests. However, PFAS behavior in pilot-scale and laboratory-scale tests was generally well-correlated (p < 0.001), which will help in future S/S recipe optimization. In addition, seven PFASs were tentatively identified using an automated suspect screening approach. Among these, perfluorohexanesulfonamide and 3:2 fluorotelomer alcohol were tentatively identified and the latter had low removal rates from leachate (<12 %) in S/S treatment.

由于这些化合物的高持久性和流动性，对被全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）污染的土壤进行修复至关重要。在这项研究中，使用6吨被含PFAS的水性成膜泡沫污染的土壤，在中试规模下对稳定和固化（S / S）处理进行了评估。在中试规模，比较了经过6年降水（使用灌溉模拟）从未经处理的受污染参考土壤和经S / S处理过的土壤（含15％粘结剂和0.2％GAC）的渗滤液中长期PFAS的去除率。四种主要PFAS（全氟己酸（PFHxA），全氟辛酸（PFOA），全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS））中的浸出液PFAS去除率（相当于6年后浸出潜力的降低）> 97％，但对于短链全氟戊酸（PFPeA）则较低（3％）。在中试实验中，PFAS的吸附强度（即土壤水分配系数（对于参考土壤和经S / S处理的土壤，K _d））增加了2到40倍，比实验室规模的测试要高得多。但是，中试规模和实验室规模测试中的PFAS行为通常具有良好的相关性（p < 0.001），这将有助于将来的S / S配方优化。此外，使用自动嫌疑人筛查方法初步确定了七个PFAS。其中，初步鉴定出全氟己烷磺酰胺和3：2氟调聚物醇，在S / S处理中后者从渗滤液中的去除率低（<12％）。