Abstract The speciation, mobility, transport, and fate of beryllium (Be) in the terrestrial environment is poorly studied even though it is considered to be one of the most hazardous elements in the periodic table. Historical tailings containing the unusual mineral danalite [Be3(Fe4.4Mn0.95Zn0.4)(SiO4)3.2S1.4] together with Fe-sulfides and fluorite has been stored open to the atmosphere for more than 50y. Environmental mineralogy, which combines geochemical and mineralogical techniques, was used to elucidate the weathering of danalite and fluorite. Danalite is unstable in oxic conditions due to the occurrence of Fe (II) and S-(II) in the crystal lattice and has oxidized at the same pace as pyrrhotite in the tailings. The acidic conditions generated from sulfide oxidation and the release of F from fluorite weathering have most likely enhanced Be mobility in the tailings. Secondary gypsum, hydrous ferric oxides and Al-oxyhydroxides are hypothesized to have played an important role regarding the mobility of Be in the tailings. The results indicate that Be released from danalite was first scavenged by these secondary minerals through co-precipitation. However, the dissolution of secondary gypsum due to changing geochemical conditions has also released Be to the groundwater. The groundwater at the shore of the tailings revealed the highest Be concentrations measured anywhere in the world (average: 4.5 mg/L) even though the water has a circumneutral pH. This extraordinary finding can be explained by high concentrations of F (73 mg/L), as F and Be have been shown to form strong complexes. The weathering of danalite and fluorite will continue for hundreds of years if remediation measures are not taken. Re-mining the tailings could be an appropriate remediation method.

中文翻译：

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瑞典 Yxsjöberg 历史尾矿中欧盟临界元素 Be 和 F 的地球化学行为

摘要 尽管铍 (Be) 被认为是元素周期表中最危险的元素之一，但对陆地环境中铍 (Be) 的形态、迁移率、运输和归宿的研究很少。含有不寻常矿物丹宁石 [Be3(Fe4.4Mn0.95Zn0.4)(SiO4)3.2S1.4] 以及 Fe 硫化物和萤石的历史尾矿已在大气中露天储存超过 50 年。环境矿物学结合了地球化学和矿物学技术，被用来阐明丹宁石和萤石的风化作用。由于晶格中存在 Fe (II) 和 S-(II)，Danalite 在有氧条件下不稳定，并且在尾矿中的氧化速度与磁黄铁矿相同。硫化物氧化产生的酸性条件和萤石风化释放的 F 很可能增强了尾矿中 Be 的迁移率。据推测，二次石膏、水合氧化铁和铝羟基氧化物在尾矿中 Be 的迁移率方面发挥了重要作用。结果表明，这些次生矿物通过共沉淀作用首先清除了丹宁石中释放的Be。然而，由于地球化学条件的变化，次生石膏的溶解也将 Be 释放到了地下水中。尾矿岸边的地下水显示出世界上任何地方测得的最高 Be 浓度（平均：4.5 毫克/升），尽管该水的 pH 值为中性。这一非凡的发现可以用高浓度的 F (73 mg/L) 来解释，因为 F 和 Be 已被证明可以形成强配合物。如果不采取修复措施，丹宁石和萤石的风化将持续数百年。重新开采尾矿可能是一种适当的修复方法。