Abstract Magnetic order in two-dimensional semiconducting layered materials is extremely rare. This has recently triggered a great interest in a variety of layered magnetic compounds, determining whether their magnetic properties can be retained down to monolayer thickness. The most promising systems are the binary MX3 and ternary MYZ3 compounds, where M is a metal, X is a halogen element, Y = Si, Ge or P, and Z is a chalcogen. The transition metal incorporates the magnetism, by a partially filled d-shell, thus enabling ferroic responses for enhanced functionalities. In most of these systems, the phase diagrams are not known and the crystal growth process is made challenging by the high fugacity of some elements and the high reaction temperature needed. We review the recent progress in crystal growth of various compounds of these families, namely CrI3, CrCl3, CrSiTe3, CrGeTe3, MnPS3 and MnPSe3, for which we used different growth techniques, such as melt growth, physical vapor transport and chemical vapor transport. The growth parameters are summarized and discussed. The characterization of the materials is focusing on the determination of the crystal structure, chemical composition and magnetic properties. In some cases, exfoliated flakes of these crystals have been successfully used for nano-device fabrication.

中文翻译：

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范德华磁性半导体材料的生长

摘要 二维半导体层状材料中的磁序极为罕见。这最近引发了对各种层状磁性化合物的极大兴趣，以确定它们的磁性是否可以保持到单层厚度。最有前途的系统是二元 MX3 和三元 MYZ3 化合物，其中 M 是金属，X 是卤素元素，Y = Si、Ge 或 P，Z 是硫属元素。过渡金属通过部分填充的 d 壳结合磁性，从而实现铁响应以增强功能。在大多数这些系统中，相图是未知的，并且由于某些元素的高逸度和所需的高反应温度，晶体生长过程具有挑战性。我们回顾了这些家族各种化合物晶体生长的最新进展，即 CrI3、CrCl3、CrSiTe3、CrGeTe3、MnPS3 和 MnPSe3，我们使用了不同的生长技术，例如熔体生长、物理蒸汽传输和化学蒸汽传输。对生长参数进行了总结和讨论。材料的表征侧重于晶体结构、化学成分和磁性的测定。在某些情况下，这些晶体的剥落薄片已成功用于纳米器件制造。