Abstract Perovskite ZnTiO3 nanoparticles with the cubic structure were synthesized using the hydrothermal method at 160 °C for 12 h and annealed at 750 °C for 3 h. ZnTiO3@S NCs (nanocomposites) were prepared through solid-state reaction by ZnTiO3 and sulfur powders with different weight percentages (5–20%) at 550 °C for 2 h under Ar in the tube furnace. The crystal structure confirmation, morphology, purity, and surface chemical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, Fe-SEM, EDX, and BET analyses. The results revealed an increase in surface area, crystal size, and the presence of hierarchical porous in ZnTiO3@S NCs, which are due to the influence of sulfur in the ZnTiO3 structure. The optical properties and photocatalytic activity were evaluated by DRS and UV–Vis analysis, respectively. The band gap energy value obtained from the Tauc plots indicated that it narrowed with sulfur content elevation. The excellent photocatalytic activity of ZnTiO3@S NCs exhibited more than 93% degradation for the organic azo dyes of Crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RB) as a pollutant in 180 min under natural sunlight irradiation. The kinetic behaviors revealed that RB degradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic, according to R2 (0.9914), while the degradation of the CV follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic.

中文翻译：

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通过ZnTiO3@S纳米复合材料提高钙钛矿ZnTiO3的光催化性能，在阳光下降解结晶紫和罗丹明B污染物

摘要 采用水热法在 160 ℃ 12 h 下合成立方结构的钙钛矿 ZnTiO3 纳米颗粒，并在 750 ℃下退火 3 h。ZnTiO3@S NCs（纳米复合材料）是由ZnTiO3和不同重量百分比（5-20​​%）的硫粉在管式炉中在Ar下于550℃下固相反应2小时制备的。通过XRD、FT-IR、Fe-SEM、EDX和BET分析研究了制备样品的晶体结构确认、形貌、纯度和表面化学性质。结果表明，ZnTiO3@S NCs 的表面积、晶体尺寸和分层多孔的增加，这是由于 ZnTiO3 结构中硫的影响。分别通过DRS和UV-Vis分析来评估光学性质和光催化活性。从 Tauc 图中获得的带隙能量值表明它随着硫含量的升高而变窄。ZnTiO3@S NCs的优异光催化活性在自然阳光照射下180分钟内对结晶紫（CV）和罗丹明B（RB）有机偶氮染料作为污染物的降解率超过93%。根据 R2 (0.9914)，动力学行为表明 RB 降解遵循伪一级动力学，而 CV 的降解遵循伪二级动力学。