The aim of this work was to analyze the socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity for the Brazilian adult population and to determine the factors that contribute the most to the observed inequality. Data from the 2013 National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS) were used and the inequality was calculated using the concentration index, which was decomposed to analyze the contribution of different factors (demographic, schooling, lifestyle, sanitation, among others). The analyses were stratified by gender and region, in order to identify some heterogeneity. The results for gender showed that the inequality in overweight and obesity in men is concentrated in the richest ones, whereas, for women, the indices did not show inequality. In the analyzes per region, the results showed the same pattern for men, and differences were found for women, suggesting that overweight is more concentrated in rich women in the less developed regions (North and Northeast) and in poor women in more developed regions (South, Southeast and Midwest). Income, demographics, schooling, and lifestyles are the factors that contributed most to the observed inequality. Public policy strategies should aim to reduce such persistence of overweight and obesity, but also seek equity and equality in health.

这项工作的目的是分析巴西成年人口的超重和肥胖症的社会经济不平等现象，并确定导致观察到的不平等现象最多的因素。2013年国家卫生调查（Pusquisa Nacional deSaúde）的数据-PNS），并使用集中指数计算不平等程度，然后将其分解以分析不同因素（人口，教育，生活方式，卫生状况等）的贡献。为了区分某些异质性，对分析按性别和地区进行了分层。性别调查结果表明，男性超重和肥胖的不平等现象集中在最富有的人群中，而女性则没有显示不平等现象。在每个地区的分析中，结果显示男性的模式相同，女性的差异也大，这表明超重更多地集中在欠发达地区（北部和东北部）的富裕女性和较发达地区的贫困妇女（南部，东南部和中西部）。收入，人口，学历，和生活方式是导致所观察到的不平等最大的因素。公共政策战略应旨在减少超重和肥胖症的持续存在，但也应寻求健康方面的平等与平等。