Saliva is identified as functional equivalent to serum, reflecting the physiological state of the body, as well as hormonal, emotional, nutritional and metabolic alterations. The application of mass spectrometry based approaches has allowed a thorough characterization of the saliva proteome and led to the discovery of putative biomarkers. Several salivary biomarkers have been recently explored as potentially useful screening tools in patients diagnosed with metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of saliva proteomics studies, with a focus on diabetes, and we explore the evidence for the utility of well identified markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Emerging approaches in salivary diagnostics that may significantly advance the field of diabetes research are also highlighted.

唾液被认为与血清具有同等功能，反映出人体的生理状态以及荷尔蒙，情绪，营养和代谢改变。基于质谱的方法的应用允许对唾液蛋白质组进行全面表征，并导致发现了可能的生物标记。最近已经探索了几种唾液生物标志物，作为诊断为代谢异常患者的潜在有用的筛查工具。在这篇综述中，我们概述了唾液蛋白质组学研究，重点是糖尿病，并且我们探索了良好识别的标记物在疾病诊断和监测中的实用性的证据。还强调了唾液诊断中可能显着促进糖尿病研究领域的新兴方法。