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Spatiotemporal variations in traffic activity and their influence on air pollution levels in communities near highways
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117758
Paola Filigrana , Chad Milando , Stuart Batterman , Jonathan I. Levy , Bhramar Mukherjee , Sara D. Adar

Abstract Localized variations in traffic volume and speed can influence air pollutant emissions and corresponding concentrations in nearby communities, but most studies have utilized only aggregated traffic activity data. In this study, we compared the estimated influence of highway traffic activity on concentrations of primary oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in communities near highways using a dispersion model informed by highly spatiotemporally-resolved variations of traffic volume and flow compared to the use of Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) data at a few locations. We used two sources of traffic activity data on 500 half-mile roadway segments on the five major highways in the Washington State Puget Sound during 2013. The first consisted of vehicle counts available every half-mile and 5 min; the second was traffic information (e.g., AADT) aggregated across the year and roadway network. Using the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) and the Research Line source dispersion model (RLINE), we modeled hourly concentrations of primary NOx and PM2.5 generated by highway traffic at nearly 4000 residences within 1 km of major highways. These concentrations were aggregated to daily and annual average concentrations, which were compared by input data source. At most locations, concentrations of primary NOx and PM2.5 modeled using the resolved traffic data had similar spatial and temporal distributions to concentrations predicted using the AADT data. However, several areas showed large differences. For example, 25% of residences within 150 m of a highway had concentrations that differed by more than 19% (8 ppb) for NOx and 32% (0.7 μg/m3) for PM2.5, and the AADT data consistently predicted lower concentrations than the resolved traffic data. Our findings indicate that temporal and spatial variation in traffic patterns can result in complex spatiotemporal variations of air pollutant concentrations that can be captured with the use of dispersion modeling with the appropriate inputs. The use of spatiotemporally resolved traffic activity data can improve exposure estimates and help reduce exposure measurement error in epidemiological studies, especially in communities near highly congested highways.

中文翻译:

交通活动的时空变化及其对高速公路附近社区空气污染水平的影响

摘要 交通量和速度的局部变化会影响附近社区的空气污染物排放和相应浓度,但大多数研究仅使用汇总的交通活动数据。在这项研究中,我们使用由高度时空分辨的交通量变化提供信息的分散模型,比较了高速公路交通活动对高速公路附近社区中主要氮氧化物 (NOx) 和细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 浓度的估计影响和流量与在一些位置使用的年度平均每日流量 (AADT) 数据进行比较。我们使用了 2013 年华盛顿州普吉特湾 5 条主要高速公路上 500 个半英里路段的交通活动数据的两个来源。第一个包括每半英里和 5 分钟可用的车辆数量;第二个是跨年度和道路网络聚合的交通信息(例如,AADT)。使用机动车辆排放模拟器 (MOVES) 和研究线源扩散模型 (RLINE),我们模拟了主要高速公路 1 公里范围内近 4000 户住宅的高速公路交通产生的主要 NOx 和 PM2.5 的每小时浓度。这些浓度汇总为日均和年均浓度,并通过输入数据源进行比较。在大多数地点,使用解析交通数据建模的初级 NOx 和 PM2.5 的浓度与使用 AADT 数据预测的浓度具有相似的空间和时间分布。然而,几个领域表现出很大的差异。例如,高速公路 150 m 内 25% 的住宅的 NOx 浓度差异超过 19% (8 ppb) 和 32% (0. PM2.5 为 7 μg/m3),并且 AADT 数据一致预测的浓度低于已解析的交通数据。我们的研究结果表明,交通模式的时间和空间变化会导致空气污染物浓度的复杂时空变化,这些变化可以通过使用具有适当输入的离散模型来捕获。使用时空解析的交通活动数据可以改进暴露估计并有助于减少流行病学研究中的暴露测量误差,尤其是在高度拥挤的高速公路附近的社区。我们的研究结果表明,交通模式的时间和空间变化会导致空气污染物浓度的复杂时空变化,这些变化可以通过使用具有适当输入的离散模型来捕获。使用时空解析的交通活动数据可以改进暴露估计并有助于减少流行病学研究中的暴露测量误差,尤其是在高度拥挤的高速公路附近的社区。我们的研究结果表明,交通模式的时间和空间变化会导致空气污染物浓度的复杂时空变化,这些变化可以通过使用具有适当输入的离散模型来捕获。使用时空解析的交通活动数据可以改进暴露估计并有助于减少流行病学研究中的暴露测量误差,尤其是在高度拥挤的高速公路附近的社区。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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