ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of biochar (BC) and humic acid (HA) application on the improvement of plant growth and the acquisition of nutrients by plant roots of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was conducted to investigate the HA and BC effects on the growth, physiological characteristics, and nutrients uptake. The BC was applied by mixing dry soil at rates of 0, 20, and 40 g kg−1, whereas the HA was used with irrigation water at concentrations of 0, 250, and 500 mg L−1. The growth parameters (e.g., shoot dry biomass, leaf area, and stem diameters), physiological characteristics (e.g., chlorophyll content, leaf area, leaf water content, and flowering time), and concentrations of some macro- (i.e., phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca)) and micro- (i.e., iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn)) elements in the shoot were determined after a five month-growth period. The results showed that the utilization of BC and HA not only enhanced the plant growth and morphological parameters but also could significantly improve the acquisition of macro- and micro-elements from the soil and transport them to the shoots well. These effects were stronger when both treatments were applied together at a high application rate of 40 g kg−1 BC and 500 mg L−1 HA. The application of these amendments could improve the availability of nutrients and plant growth parameters by improving plant growth conditions and finally affected crop production.

中文翻译：

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腐植酸和生物炭对金盏花（Calendula officinalis L.）生长和养分吸收的影响

摘要 本研究的目的是评估生物炭 (BC) 和腐植酸 (HA) 的施用对促进植物生长和金盏花 (Calendula officinalis L.) 植物根系获取养分的潜在影响。进行了完全随机设计的析因实验以研究 HA 和 BC 对生长、生理特征和营养吸收的影响。BC 通过以 0、20 和 40 g kg-1 的比率混合干土来施用，而 HA 与灌溉水一起使用，浓度为 0、250 和 500 mg L-1。生长参数（例如，芽干生物量、叶面积和茎直径）、生理特征（例如，叶绿素含量、叶面积、叶含水量和开花时间）和一些宏观（即磷（P ), 钾 (K), 和钙 (Ca)) 和微量元素（即铁 (Fe)、锌 (Zn) 和锰 (Mn)）在五个月的生长期后测定。结果表明，BC和HA的利用不仅增强了植物的生长和形态参数，而且可以显着提高从土壤中获取的宏量和微量元素，并将它们很好地输送到地上部。当以 40 g kg-1 BC 和 500 mg L-1 HA 的高施用率同时施用两种处理时，这些效果更强。这些修正物的应用可以通过改善植物生长条件并最终影响作物产量来提高养分的可用性和植物生长参数。结果表明，BC和HA的利用不仅增强了植物的生长和形态参数，而且可以显着提高从土壤中获取的宏量和微量元素，并将它们很好地输送到地上部。当以 40 g kg-1 BC 和 500 mg L-1 HA 的高施用率同时施用两种处理时，这些效果更强。这些修正物的应用可以通过改善植物生长条件并最终影响作物产量来提高养分的可用性和植物生长参数。结果表明，BC和HA的利用不仅增强了植物的生长和形态参数，而且可以显着提高从土壤中获取的宏量和微量元素，并将它们很好地输送到地上部。当以 40 g kg-1 BC 和 500 mg L-1 HA 的高施用率同时施用两种处理时，这些效果更强。这些修正物的应用可以通过改善植物生长条件并最终影响作物产量来提高养分的可用性和植物生长参数。当以 40 g kg-1 BC 和 500 mg L-1 HA 的高施用率同时施用两种处理时，这些效果更强。这些修正物的应用可以通过改善植物生长条件并最终影响作物产量来提高养分的可用性和植物生长参数。当以 40 g kg-1 BC 和 500 mg L-1 HA 的高施用率同时施用两种处理时，这些效果更强。这些修正物的应用可以通过改善植物生长条件并最终影响作物产量来提高养分的可用性和植物生长参数。