Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant pathogen for persistent periapical periodontitis. The chlorhexidine (CHX) is used as conversional irrigation agents during endodontic root canal therapy. It was reported that the antisense walR RNA (ASwalR) suppressed the biofilm organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of novel graphene oxide (GO)‐polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based antisense walR (ASwalR) on the inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm and its susceptibility to chlorhexidine. The recombinant ASwalR plasmids were modified with a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (ASwalR‐eGFP) as a reporter gene so that the transformation efficiency could be evaluated by the fluorescence intensity. The GO‐PEI‐based ASwalR vector transformation strategy was developed to be transformed into E. faecalis and to over‐produce ASwalR in biofilms. Colony forming units (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to investigate whether the antibacterial properties of antisense walR interference strategy sensitize E. faecalis biofilm to the CHX. The results indicated that overexpression of ASwalR by GO‐PEI‐based transformation strategy could inhibit biofilm formation, decrease the EPS synthesis and increase the susceptibility of E. faecalis biofilms to CHX. Our reports demonstrated that antisense walR RNA will be a supplementary strategy in treating E. faecalis with irrigation agents.

中文翻译：

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携带反义 walR RNA 的纳米氧化石墨烯调节粪肠球菌生物膜的形成及其对氯己定的敏感性

粪肠球菌是顽固性根尖周炎的主要病原体。洗必泰 (CHX) 在牙髓根管治疗期间用作转化冲洗剂。据报道，反义 walR RNA (ASwalR) 抑制了生物膜组织。本研究的目的是研究基于新型氧化石墨烯 (GO)-聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 的反义 walR (ASwalR) 对粪肠球菌生物膜抑制及其对氯己定敏感性的抗菌作用。重组ASwalR质粒用编码增强型绿色荧光蛋白（ASwalR-eGFP）的基因作为报告基因进行修饰，以便通过荧光强度评估转化效率。开发了基于 GO-PEI 的 ASwalR 向量转化策略以转化为 E. 粪便和在生物膜中过量产生 ASwalR。菌落形成单位 (CFU) 和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜用于研究反义 walR 干扰策略的抗菌特性是否使粪肠球菌生物膜对 CHX 敏感。结果表明，通过基于 GO-PEI 的转化策略过表达 ASwalR 可以抑制生物膜形成，减少 EPS 合成并增加粪肠球菌生物膜对 CHX 的敏感性。我们的报告表明，反义 walR RNA 将是用灌溉剂治疗粪肠球菌的补充策略。结果表明，通过基于 GO-PEI 的转化策略过表达 ASwalR 可以抑制生物膜形成，减少 EPS 合成并增加粪肠球菌生物膜对 CHX 的敏感性。我们的报告表明，反义 walR RNA 将是用灌溉剂治疗粪肠球菌的补充策略。结果表明，通过基于 GO-PEI 的转化策略过表达 ASwalR 可以抑制生物膜形成，减少 EPS 合成并增加粪肠球菌生物膜对 CHX 的敏感性。我们的报告表明，反义 walR RNA 将是用灌溉剂治疗粪肠球菌的补充策略。