Holocene environmental change in the northern and central Nile Valley was controlled primarily by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone over time, leading to changes in aridity and water availability for early occupants of the region. Although local environmental changes may help to motivate societal changes such as those in settlement patterns or technological productions, evidence from pedogenic carbonates at Sai Island, in northern Sudan, indicate that the most significant environmental changes predated a key shift in local food production from foraging to pastoralism. Changes in local environmental conditions from a wetter and more diverse vegetative context to a more arid and C₄‐dominant landscape occurred during the occupation of Khartoum Variant foragers, whereas later Abkan pastoralists arrived without any notable differences in the region compared to the environments inhabited by the most recent foragers. The lack of an external environmental driver for food production changes at Sai suggests that other, potentially cultural factors were more important in these economic decisions in the mid‐Holocene.

中文翻译：

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苏丹北部西岛的全新世中期环境变化与人类占领

尼罗河谷北部和中部的全新世环境变化主要受热带融合带随时间的变化控制，从而导致该地区早期居住者的干旱和水供应变化。尽管当地的环境变化可能有助于激发诸如定居方式或技术生产等方面的社会变化，但苏丹北部赛伊岛的成岩碳酸盐碳酸盐的证据表明，最重大的环境变化早于当地粮食生产从觅食转向重要的转变。牧民主义。从更湿润和更多样化的植物环境到更干旱和C _4的当地环境条件的变化在喀土穆变种的觅食者被占领期间发生了主要景观，而与最近的觅食者所居住的环境相比，后来的阿布坎牧民抵达该地区时没有任何明显的差异。Sai缺乏外部环境动力来推动食品生产变化，这表明其他潜在的文化因素在全新世中期的经济决策中更为重要。