Studying lithic raw material sourcing, processing and distribution is helpful when trying to reconstruct the territory, ecology, and cultural practices of Neanderthal groups. The use of multiple methods in such analyses allows for more refined characterizations to be made, helping to distinguish between materials better than any single method. Although 85% of the raw materials making up the Mousterian assemblage at the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid Region of Spain) correspond to the available local geological resources, 10% is made of white/beige chert, which is not registered in regional geological cartography. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses were performed to determine the origin of this white/beige chert and thus shed light on the procurement strategies of the Neanderthal groups that occupied the rock shelter. The results show this chert to correspond to three different types of rock: quartz–kaolinite rocks from dykes, cretaceous marine cherts, and quartz fillings of cavities/fractures. These findings are in accordance with the geological features and formations present in the Lozoya valley, as recorded during a geoarchaeological survey, and indicate that the Neanderthals occupying the center of the Iberian Peninsula possessed a detailed knowledge of the landscape that allowed them to exploit its resources during MIS5a–early MIS4.

中文翻译：

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Navalmaíllo岩石掩体（西班牙马德里）的穆斯特白色/米色石工具的岩相和SEM-EDX表征

在尝试重建尼安德特人群体的领土，生态和文化习俗时，研究石质原料的采购，加工和分配是有帮助的。在此类分析中使用多种方法可以进行更精细的表征，从而比任何一种方法都能更好地区分材料。尽管构成Navalmaíllo岩石庇护所（西班牙马德里皮涅拉德尔瓦莱）的穆斯特组合的原材料中有85％对应于当地可利用的地质资源，但10％的原材料是白色/米色石，未在区域地质制图。用能量色散X射线光谱分析进行了金相和扫描电子显微镜分析，以确定这种白/米色石的来源，从而阐明了占领岩石掩体的尼安德特人群体的采购策略。结果表明，该cher石与三种不同类型的岩石相对应：来自堤坝的石英-高岭石岩石，白垩纪海生石以及空洞/裂缝的石英填充物。这些发现与在地质考古调查中记录的洛索亚山谷中存在的地质特征和地层一致，表明居住在伊比利亚半岛中心的尼安德特人拥有对地形的详细了解，从而可以利用其资源。在MIS5a-早期MIS4中。结果表明，该cher石与三种不同类型的岩石相对应：来自堤坝的石英-高岭石岩石，白垩纪海生石以及空洞/裂缝的石英填充物。这些发现与在地质考古调查中记录的洛索亚山谷中存在的地质特征和地层一致，表明居住在伊比利亚半岛中心的尼安德特人拥有对地形的详细了解，从而可以利用其资源。在MIS5a-早期MIS4中。结果表明，该cher石与三种不同类型的岩石相对应：来自堤坝的石英-高岭石岩石，白垩纪海生石以及空洞/裂缝的石英填充物。这些发现与在地质考古调查中记录的洛索亚山谷中存在的地质特征和地层一致，表明居住在伊比利亚半岛中心的尼安德特人拥有对地形的详细了解，从而可以利用其资源。在MIS5a-早期MIS4中。