Dysodiles are finely laminated sedimentary rocks rich in organic matter and in exceptionally well‐preserved fossils, hence their petroleum and palaeontological interest. However, few studies focused on the dysodiles of Lebanon, leaving their palaeontological content and their depositional environment largely unknown. Our previous investigations show a variety of well‐preserved lacustrine fossils including ichthyofauna, chelonians, insects, plant debris, gastropods, palynomorphs and ostracods. The present study focuses on the ostracods of five sampling localities from the Lower Barremian of Lebanon. Being the most abundant fossils, ostracods raise some taphonomic and palaeoecological questions that may help us understand the depositional environment and enrich the story of these Early Barremian lakes. Faunal differences between the sampled sections provide clues to the specific characteristics of each lake. The abundance of ‘butterfly’ preservation of carapaces, together with the association of adults and juveniles, indicates calm depositional environments without post‐mortem transport. The assemblages comprise ostracods with known swimming ability (Cyprois and Zonocypris) or that are thought to have been swimmers (Cypridea), while non‐swimmers are absent, suggesting that nektobenthonic ostracods must have lived only in the shallow margins of the lakes or among floating vegetation because hypolimnion conditions were hostile to benthos. This study provides different scenarios on how this fauna ended up preserved in the laminated lake sediments.

中文翻译：

---

黎巴嫩下巴雷米亚二代的第一个非海洋类兽类动物

二恶藻是富含有机质和保存得很好的化石的精细层压沉积岩，因此具有石油和古生物学意义。但是，很少有研究集中在黎巴嫩的两难病上，使它们的古生物学内容和沉积环境大为未知。我们之前的调查显示，保存完好的湖相化石包括鱼鳞鱼，科隆人，昆虫，植物残骸，腹足纲动物，翼龙类和成龙类。本研究的重点是黎巴嫩下巴雷米亚五个采样点的成虫。作为最丰富的化石，原螯虾提出了一些有关植物学和古生态学的问题，可以帮助我们了解沉积环境并丰富这些早期巴雷米亚湖泊的故事。取样部分之间的动物差异可为每个湖泊的特定特征提供线索。甲壳动物的“蝴蝶”保存数量丰富，加上成年和未成年动物的结合，表明没有死后运输的平静沉积环境。这些组合包括已知游泳能力的兽脚类动物（Cyprois和Zonocypris或被认为是游泳者（Cypridea），而没有游泳者，这表明线虫对虾的纲线虫必须只生活在湖泊的浅水边缘或漂浮的植被中，因为俯冲条件对底栖生物不利。这项研究提供了关于这种动物最终如何保存在叠层湖沉积物中的不同方案。