The wear volume is known to keep increasing during frictional processes, and Archard notably proposed a model to describe the probability of wear particle formation upon asperity collision in a two-body contact configuration. While this model is largely adopted in the investigations of wear, the presence of wear debris trapped between the surfaces changes the system into a three-body contact configuration already since the early stages of the process. In such a configuration, a significant amount of wear is produced at the interface between the trapped debris and the sliding bodies. Here, relying on analytical models, we develop a framework that describes crack growth in a three-body configuration at the particle-surface interface. We then show that crack growth is favoured within the sliding surfaces, instead of within the debris particle, and test such result by means of numerical simulations with a phase-field approach to fracture. This leads to an increase in the wear volume and to debris particle accretion, rather than its break down. The effects of adhesion, coefficient of friction, and ratio of the applied global tangential and normal forces are also investigated.

中文翻译：

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存在粘附时圆柱形碎屑颗粒生长的机理模型

已知磨损量在摩擦过程中会不断增加，Archard 特别提出了一个模型来描述在两体接触配置中粗糙碰撞时磨损颗粒形成的概率。虽然该模型在磨损研究中被广泛采用，但自该过程的早期阶段以来，表面之间存在的磨损碎片已将系统更改为三体接触配置。在这种配置中，在被捕获的碎屑和滑动体之间的界面处产生大量的磨损。在这里，依靠分析模型，我们开发了一个框架，该框架描述了颗粒表面界面处三体配置中的裂纹扩展。然后我们表明裂纹在滑动表面内而不是在碎片颗粒内有利于增长，并通过相场法对断裂进行数值模拟来测试该结果。这会导致磨损量增加和碎屑颗粒堆积，而不是分解。还研究了附着力、摩擦系数以及所施加的整体切向力和法向力的比率的影响。