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Palaeotsunami deposits at the Tiber River mouth (Ostia Antica, Italy): Do they really exist?
Earth-Science Reviews ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103268
Hugo Delile , Ferréol Salomon

Abstract In this paper, we test the recent hypothesis of the occurrence of five to seven tsunami generations, that would have struck the ancient harbour basin of Ostia (Italy), and the lower channel of the Tiber River during the last three millennia. Because these steady disaster events would have deep implications on our knowledge of the history of Rome, we reviewed the pluridisciplinary data available at the Tiber River mouth. Considering sedimentological, geomorphological, micropalaeontological, geochemical, chronological and historical evidence, there is currently no conclusive palaeoenvironmental evidence to suggest past tsunami inundations near Ostia . River mouths are not the best context in which to identify tsunami deposits. High fluvial and coastal mobility generated by regular floods and storms hardly record single High-Energy Events (HEE) from floods, storms, or tsunamis. Sediments are regularly reworked at the river mouth both in the river channel and on the close shoreface. Mixed fluvial and marine influences and the seasonal formation of a salt wedge at the mouth of the Tiber create specific estuarine assemblages for micro- and macrofauna. The layer called High-Energy Event 1 (HEE-1) on the palaeo-shoreface close to the river mouth and HEE-4/5 in the point bars of the Tiber channel are most probably layers reworked several times by fluvio-coastal events (storms and/or floods). HEE-3 sealing the Republican harbour of Ostia is clearly related to flood deposits. Complementary analyses would be necessary to definitively identify the origins of the HEE-2 and HEE-7 in the harbour, and HEE-6 in the palaeochannel or floodplain. Based on the data available, we show how other processes than tsunami inundations could be just as accountable for these coarse-grained sediment layers (storm deposit, flood deposit, or riverbank deposit). This review puts into question the use of pluridisciplinary proxies to identify palaeotsunami deposits. In addition, we demonstrate how high Pb concentrations constitute a robust proxy to definitively refute the presence of palaeotsunami deposits. As such, this study will be beneficial to a large community of specialists in coastal research.

中文翻译:

台伯河口的古海啸沉积物(意大利奥斯蒂亚安蒂卡):它们真的存在吗?

摘要 在本文中,我们检验了最近发生的五到七代海啸的假设,这些海啸会在过去三千年中袭击奥斯蒂亚(意大利)的古海港盆地和台伯河下游河道。因为这些稳定的灾难事件会对我们对罗马历史的了解产生深远的影响,所以我们回顾了台伯河河口现有的多学科数据。考虑到沉积学、地貌学、微古生物学、地球化学、年代学和历史证据,目前没有确凿的古环境证据表明奥斯蒂亚附近过去发生过海啸。河口并不是识别海啸沉积物的最佳环境。定期洪水和风暴产生的高河流和沿海流动性几乎没有记录来自洪水、风暴或海啸的单一高能事件 (HEE)。在河道和近岸面的河口定期重新处理沉积物。河流和海洋的混合影响以及台伯河口盐楔的季节性形成为微型和大型动物创造了特定的河口组合。靠近河口的古海岸上称为高能事件 1 (HEE-1) 的层和台伯河河道点坝中的 HEE-4/5 层很可能是被河岸事件多次改造的层(风暴和/或洪水)。封闭奥斯蒂亚共和国港口的 HEE-3 显然与洪水沉积有关。有必要进行补充分析,以明确确定海港中 HEE-2 和 HEE-7 以及古河道或洪泛区中 HEE-6 的起源。根据可用数据,我们展示了海啸淹没以外的其他过程如何对这些粗粒沉积层(风暴沉积、洪水沉积或河岸沉积)负责。这篇综述对使用多学科代理来识别古海啸沉积物提出了质疑。此外,我们证明了高 Pb 浓度如何构成一个强有力的代理,以明确反驳古海啸沉积物的存在。因此,这项研究将有益于沿海研究领域的大量专家。我们展示了海啸淹没以外的其他过程如何对这些粗粒沉积层(风暴沉积、洪水沉积或河岸沉积)负责。这篇综述对使用多学科代理来识别古海啸沉积物提出了质疑。此外,我们证明了高 Pb 浓度如何构成一个强有力的代理,以明确反驳古海啸沉积物的存在。因此,这项研究将有益于沿海研究领域的大量专家。我们展示了海啸淹没以外的其他过程如何对这些粗粒沉积层(风暴沉积、洪水沉积或河岸沉积)负责。这篇综述对使用多学科代理来识别古海啸沉积物提出了质疑。此外,我们证明了高 Pb 浓度如何构成一个强有力的代理,以明确反驳古海啸沉积物的存在。因此,这项研究将有益于沿海研究领域的大量专家。我们证明了高 Pb 浓度是如何构成一个强有力的代理来明确驳斥古海啸沉积物的存在。因此,这项研究将有益于沿海研究领域的大量专家。我们证明了高 Pb 浓度是如何构成一个强有力的代理来明确驳斥古海啸沉积物的存在。因此,这项研究将有益于沿海研究领域的大量专家。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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