Abstract The Apennines-Sicilian-Maghrebian fold-and-thrust belt originated from the subduction of the Alpine Tethys and the later collision of drifted continental blocks against the African and Apulian paleomargins. From North to South, the Sicilian Fold-and-Thrust Belt (SFTB) is divided in four main tectono-stratigraphic domains: (1) the Calabro-Peloritani terrane, drifted from the European margin, (2) the remnants of the Alpine Tethys accretionary Wedge (ATW) related to the subduction of the Tethys, (3) the folded and thrusted platform (Panormide) and deep-water (Imerese-Sicanian) series of the offscrapped African margin, and (4) the African foreland (Hyblean). Unfortunately, scarce quality seismic lines and outcrops of key tectono-stratigraphic units make the structure and dynamic evolution of the central-eastern part of the SFTB controversial. First, this study outlines through a review of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the central-eastern sector of the Sicilian orogen, the major remaining issues concerning: (1) the occurrence of inferred Alpine Tethys units far from the region where the remnants of the ATW outcrop (Nebrodi Mountains); both, in a forearc position above the Peloritani block to the North and in an active foreland context along the present day southern front of the belt; and (2) the diverging tectonic styles, from stacked large-scale tectonic nappes to foreland imbricated thrust systems rooted into a main basal decollement. Secondly, new constraints are given using analogue modeling to test mechanically the hypothesized structural and tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the SFTB. The experiment simulates the orogenic evolution of the SFTB at crustal-scale, from the Oligocene Tethys subduction, to the Middle Miocene-Late Pliocene continental collision between the European and African paleomargins. The tectono-stratigraphic synthesis is used to model the first-order mechanical stratigraphy of the sedimentary units involved in the Sicilian belt, as well as the imprint of the African margin structural inheritance. The experiments succeed in reproducing the general structure and tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the SFTB. In particular, the models support field observations hypothesing a gravity-driven origin of the inferred Alpine Tethys units intercalated within the forearc and foreland syntectonic sedimentation. Moreover, the model testifies of the main tectonic steps that led to the SFTB building. First, a low-tapered accretionary wedge was accreted above the Alpine Tethys oceanic crust from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene. The following underthrusting of the stretched African continental margin and its frontal Panormide platform shortened and thickened the accretionary wedge. This phase provided favorable conditions for significant pulses of reworked Alpine Tethys units that intercalated within the forearc and foredeep successions. During the Middle-Miocene, the decollement of the African Meso-Cenozoic cover (Panormide platform and Imerese-Sicanian deep-water basin) enhanced a deep-seated deformation phase, along with duplexing of the Panormide platform beneath the Alpine Tethys wedge leading to its emersion. Since the Late Messinian, activation of basement faults led to a generalized emersion of the orogenic units through large-wavelength fold culminations accompanied by syn-tectonic deposition at their southern limbs. Concurrently, the prism front was partly indented to the southeast by the thick and locally already emerged Hyblean platform.

中文翻译：

---

西西里造山带的构造和构造地层回顾以及模拟建模的新见解

摘要 亚平宁-西西里-马格里布褶皱冲断带起源于高山特提斯的俯冲和后来的漂移大陆块对非洲和阿普利亚古边缘的碰撞。从北到南，西西里褶皱冲断带 (SFTB) 分为四个主要的构造地层域：(1) Calabro-Peloritani 地体，从欧洲边缘漂移，(2) 高山特提斯山脉的残余与特提斯俯冲相关的增生楔 (ATW)，(3) 褶皱和逆冲台地 (Panormide) 和深水 (Imerese-Sicanian) 系列的非洲边缘废弃地，以及 (4) 非洲前陆 (Hyblean) . 不幸的是，稀缺的优质地震测线和关键构造地层单元的露头使得 SFTB 中东部的结构和动力演化存在争议。首先，本研究通过对西西里造山带中东部地区构造地层演化的回顾，概述了以下主要遗留问题：(1) 推断的高山特提斯单元的出现距离远ATW 露头（内布罗迪山脉）；两者都位于北部 Peloritani 地块上方的弧前位置，以及现今沿该带南部前沿的活跃前陆环境；(2) 不同的构造样式，从堆积的大型构造推覆到根植于主要基底脱垂的前陆叠瓦状逆冲系统。其次，使用模拟建模给出了新的约束，以机械地测试 SFTB 的假设结构和构造地层演化。实验模拟了 SFTB 在地壳尺度上的造山演化，从渐新世特提斯俯冲，到欧洲和非洲古边缘之间的中中新世-晚上新世大陆碰撞。构造地层综合用于模拟西西里带所涉及的沉积单元的一级机械地层，以及非洲边缘构造继承的印记。实验成功地再现了 SFTB 的一般结构和构造地层演化。特别是，这些模型支持实地观察，假设推断的高山特提斯单元的重力驱动起源插入弧前和前陆同构造沉积。此外，该模型证明了导致 SFTB 建筑的主要构造步骤。第一的，从渐新世到早中新世，在高山特提斯洋壳上方增生了一个低锥形的增生楔。随后拉长的非洲大陆边缘及其正面的 Panormide 台地的下冲作用使增生楔变短和变厚。这一阶段为重新加工的高山特提斯单元的重要脉冲提供了有利条件，这些单元插入前弧和前深序列。在中-中新世，非洲中新生代盖层（Panormide 平台和 Imerese-Sicanian 深水盆地）的解滑增强了深部变形阶段，同时 Panormide 平台在高山特提斯楔下的双重作用导致其再现。自墨西拿晚期以来，基底断层的激活导致造山带单元通过大波长褶皱顶点普遍出现，并伴随着造山带南缘的同构造沉积。同时，棱镜前缘部分地被厚实的、局部已经出现的海布尔平台压向东南方。