Abstract The amphipod Phronima sp. is used as a natural feed for aquaculture activities as it has an adequate content of polyunsaturated fatty acids—namely, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)—and high protein content. It is thus used as an alternative protein source in shrimp cultures, replacing Artemia sp. In this study, we evaluated the effects of using different feed treatments including Phronima sp. on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larval growth rate, survival rate, and nutritional quality. The post-larvae herein used weighed 0.029 ± 0.001 g/individual and were maintained at a stocking density of 5 individuals/L. The experiment was carried out for 30 days. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment, with five treatments and three replicates each. The feeding treatments were: A, 100% Artemia sp.; B, 75% Artemia sp. and 25% Phronima sp.; C, 50% Artemia sp. and 50% Phronima sp.; D, 25% Artemia sp. and 75% Phronima sp.; and E, 100% Phronima sp. The shrimp were fed four times a day 20% of their biomass weight. Relative growth rate (RGR), absolute length growth, biomass weight, grazing rate, survival rate, and nutritional quality were analyzed. Treatment B produced the highest RGR (34.98 ± 0.13%), absolute length growth (1.83 ± 0.06 cm), biomass weight (0.0101 ± 0.05), and survival rate (95 ± 6.11%). Treatment A produced the highest grazing rate (21.889 ± 0.13 individuals/day). The highest nutritional quality was found in treatment B, i.e., protein and fat contents of 63.75% and 8.24%, respectively, and EPA and lysine levels of 8.25% and 48.98 ppm, respectively. In summary, we found that using a feed proportion of 75% Artemia sp. and 25% Phronima sp. (treatment B) is the best option for the aquaculture of Pacific white shrimp post-larvae. This best feed formulation should give an impact on aquaculture research and production in reducing feed production cost.

中文翻译：

---

用 Phronima sp. 喂养的效果。南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）后期幼体生长、成活率和营养价值含量的影响

摘要片脚类 Phronima sp。被用作水产养殖活动的天然饲料，因为它含有充足的多不饱和脂肪酸——即二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 和二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)——以及高蛋白质含量。因此，它被用作虾养殖中的替代蛋白质来源，取代卤虫。在这项研究中，我们评估了使用包括 Phronima sp. 在内的不同饲料处理的效果。对南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）幼体后的生长率、成活率和营养品质。此处使用的后期幼虫重 0.029 ± 0.001 g/个体，并保持在 5 个体/L 的放养密度。实验进行了30天。实验采用完全随机设计，每个处理 5 个处理，每个处理 3 个重复。饲养处理为：A、100% 卤虫；B，75% 卤虫。和 25% Phronima sp.；C，50% 卤虫。和 50% Phronima sp.；D，25% 卤虫。和 75% Phronima sp.；和 E，100% Phronima sp。虾每天饲喂四次，其生物量重量的 20%。分析了相对增长率（RGR）、绝对长度增长、生物量重量、放牧率、成活率和营养质量。处理 B 产生最高的 RGR (34.98 ± 0.13%)、绝对长度增长 (1.83 ± 0.06 cm)、生物量重量 (0.0101 ± 0.05) 和存活率 (95 ± 6.11%)。处理 A 产生最高的放牧率（21.889 ± 0.13 只/天）。处理 B 的营养质量最高，即蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为 63.75% 和 8.24%，EPA 和赖氨酸水平分别为 8.25% 和 48.98 ppm。总之，我们发现使用 75% 卤虫的饲料比例。和 25% Phronima sp。（处理 B）是太平洋白虾后期幼体养殖的最佳选择。这种最佳饲料配方应该会对水产养殖研究和生产产生影响，从而降低饲料生产成本。