This review (162 references) focuses on two-dimensional carbon materials, which include graphene as well as its allotropes varying in size, number of layers, and defects, for their application in electrochemical sensors. Many preparation methods are known to yield two-dimensional carbon materials which are often simply addressed as graphene, but which show huge variations in their physical and chemical properties and therefore on their sensing performance. The first section briefly reviews the most promising as well as the latest achievements in graphene synthesis based on growth and delamination techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase exfoliation via sonication or mechanical forces, as well as oxidative procedures ranging from chemical to electrochemical exfoliation. Two-dimensional carbon materials are highly attractive to be integrated in a wide field of sensing applications. Here, graphene is examined as recognition layer in electrochemical sensors like field-effect transistors, chemiresistors, impedance-based devices as well as voltammetric and amperometric sensors. The sensor performance is evaluated from the material’s perspective of view and revealed the impact of structure and defects of the 2D carbon materials in different transducing technologies. It is concluded that the performance of 2D carbon-based sensors is strongly related to the preparation method in combination with the electrical transduction technique. Future perspectives address challenges to transfer 2D carbon-based sensors from the lab to the market. Graphical abstract Schematic overview from synthesis and modification of two-dimensional carbon materials to sensor application. Schematic overview from synthesis and modification of two-dimensional carbon materials to sensor application.

中文翻译：

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碳基二维材料的最新进展：电化学传感器的合成和改性方面


这篇综述（162 篇参考文献）重点关注二维碳材料，包括石墨烯及其尺寸、层数和缺陷不同的同素异形体，及其在电化学传感器中的应用。已知许多制备方法可产生二维碳材料，这些材料通常被简单地称为石墨烯，但其物理和化学性质以及其传感性能表现出巨大的变化。第一部分简要回顾了基于生长和分层技术的石墨烯合成中最有前途和最新的成就，例如化学气相沉积、通过超声或机械力进行的液相剥离，以及从化学到电化学剥离的氧化程序。二维碳材料在广泛的传感应用领域中具有很强的吸引力。在这里，石墨烯作为电化学传感器（如场效应晶体管、化学电阻器、基于阻抗的设备以及伏安传感器和安培传感器）中的识别层进行了研究。从材料的角度评估传感器性能，揭示了不同传感技术中二维碳材料的结构和缺陷的影响。结论是，二维碳基传感器的性能与结合电传导技术的制备方法密切相关。未来的前景解决了将二维碳基传感器从实验室转移到市场的挑战。图解摘要从二维碳材料的合成和改性到传感器应用的示意图概述。 从二维碳材料的合成和改性到传感器应用的示意图。