Two different methods of rapid manufacturing—electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) and laser-engineered net shaping (LENS)—were used in order to fabricate NiTi elements. Microstructure and martensitic transformation temperatures of initial materials in the form of wire or spherical powder were established. The samples fabricated using LENS technique showed martensitic transformation temperature (MTT) at − 26 °C (represented by maximum martensite peak maximum in DSC) which was lower in comparison with raw powder. In the case of samples fabricated using EBAM, the MMT reached − 19 °C. The peaks of martensite and reverse transformations were diffuse due to differences in grain size and composition across the sample. Aging at 500 °C for 2 h caused not only separation of R-phase during cooling of both samples, but also formation of sharper and higher transformation peaks as well as shift of MTT to higher temperatures. Microstructural investigation showed columnar grains, near the interface of deposited element and base plate, growing perpendicular to the plate surface. The grains showed axial fiber texture <001> along the growth direction. STEM micrographs revealed the presence of elongated particles enriched in Ti. Formation of Ti-rich particles during the process led to the depletion of Ti in the matrix and contributed to increase in MTT in comparison with initial NiTi powder. LENS-deposited sample additionally contained higher dislocation density in the austenite. Compression stress/strain curves of EBAM-deposited sample revealed deformation of martensite only, while the LENS-deposited one showed almost complete superelastic effect in compression mode up to 3%.

为了制造NiTi元素，使用了两种不同的快速制造方法-电子束增材制造（EBAM）和激光工程网成形（LENS）。建立了金属丝或球形粉末形式的初始材料的微观结构和马氏体转变温度。使用LENS技术制造的样品显示出在-26°C的马氏体转变温度（MTT）（由DSC中的最大马氏体峰最大值表示）比原始粉末低。对于使用EBAM制造的样品，MMT达到− 19°C。由于整个样品的晶粒尺寸和组成不同，马氏体和逆相变的峰扩散。在500°C下老化2小时，不仅导致两个样品冷却期间R相分离，而且还会形成更尖，更高的转化峰，以及MTT向更高的温度转移。显微组织研究表明，在沉积元素和基板界面附近的圆柱状晶粒垂直于平板表面生长。晶粒沿生长方向显示轴向纤维织构<001>。STEM显微照片显示存在富含Ti的细长颗粒。与初始NiTi粉末相比，在此过程中形成富钛颗粒导致基质中Ti的消耗，并导致MTT的增加。沉积有LENS的样品在奥氏体中还含有较高的位错密度。EBAM沉积样品的压缩应力/应变曲线仅显示马氏体变形，