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Sex chromosome complement affects multiple aspects of reversal-learning task performance in mice.
Genes, Brain and Behavior ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 , DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12685 Shawn M Aarde 1 , Rylee M Genner 1 , Haley Hrncir 1 , Arthur P Arnold 1 , James D Jentsch 2
Genes, Brain and Behavior ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 , DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12685 Shawn M Aarde 1 , Rylee M Genner 1 , Haley Hrncir 1 , Arthur P Arnold 1 , James D Jentsch 2
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Determining the mechanisms by which the sex‐chromosome complement (SCC) affects learning, attention, and impulsivity has implications for observed sex differences in prevalence, severity, and prognosis of psychiatric/neurodevelopmental disorders and syndromes associated with sex‐chromosome aneuploidy. Here, Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mice were evaluated in order to assess the separable and/or interacting effects of gonads (testes vs. ovaries) and their secretions and/or SCC (XX vs. XY) acting via non‐gonadal mechanisms on behavior. We tested FCG mice on a reversal‐learning task that enables the quantification of aspects of learning, attention and impulsivity. Across testing phases (involving the initial acquisition of a spatial discrimination and subsequent reversal learning), overall error rate was larger in XY compared with XX mice. Although XX and XY groups did not differ in the total number of trials required in order to reach a preset performance criterion, analyses of reversal error types showed more perseverative errors in XY than XX mice, with no difference in regressive errors. Additionally, prepotent‐response latencies during the reversal phase were shorter in XY males, as compared with both XX gonadal males and females of either SCC, and failures to sustain the observing response were more frequent in XY mice than XX mice during the acquisition phase. These results indicate that SCC affects the characteristic pattern of response selection during acquisition and reversal performance without affecting the overall learning rate. More broadly, these results show direct effects of the SCC on cognitive processes that are relevant to psychiatric/neurodevelopmental disorders and syndromes associated with sex‐chromosome aneuploidies.
中文翻译：
性染色体补体影响小鼠逆向学习任务表现的多个方面。
确定性染色体补体 (SCC) 影响学习、注意力和冲动的机制对观察到的与性染色体非整倍体相关的精神/神经发育障碍和综合征的患病率、严重程度和预后的性别差异有影响。在这里，评估了四种核心基因型 (FCG) 小鼠，以评估性腺（睾丸与卵巢）及其分泌物和/或 SCC（XX 与 XY）通过非性腺机制作用于行为。我们在反向学习任务中测试了 FCG 小鼠，该任务能够量化学习、注意力和冲动的各个方面。在整个测试阶段（涉及空间辨别的初始获取和随后的反向学习），与 XX 小鼠相比，XY 的总体错误率更大。尽管 XX 和 XY 组在达到预设性能标准所需的试验总数方面没有差异，但逆转错误类型的分析显示，XY 比 XX 小鼠更多的持续性错误，在回归错误方面没有差异。此外，与任一 SCC 的 XX 性腺雄性和雌性相比，XY 雄性在逆转阶段的优势反应潜伏期较短，并且在获取阶段，XY 小鼠比 XX 小鼠更频繁地无法维持观察反应。这些结果表明，SCC 在不影响整体学习率的情况下影响获取和反转性能期间响应选择的特征模式。更广泛地，
更新日期：2020-07-09
中文翻译：
性染色体补体影响小鼠逆向学习任务表现的多个方面。
确定性染色体补体 (SCC) 影响学习、注意力和冲动的机制对观察到的与性染色体非整倍体相关的精神/神经发育障碍和综合征的患病率、严重程度和预后的性别差异有影响。在这里，评估了四种核心基因型 (FCG) 小鼠，以评估性腺（睾丸与卵巢）及其分泌物和/或 SCC（XX 与 XY）通过非性腺机制作用于行为。我们在反向学习任务中测试了 FCG 小鼠，该任务能够量化学习、注意力和冲动的各个方面。在整个测试阶段（涉及空间辨别的初始获取和随后的反向学习），与 XX 小鼠相比，XY 的总体错误率更大。尽管 XX 和 XY 组在达到预设性能标准所需的试验总数方面没有差异，但逆转错误类型的分析显示，XY 比 XX 小鼠更多的持续性错误，在回归错误方面没有差异。此外，与任一 SCC 的 XX 性腺雄性和雌性相比，XY 雄性在逆转阶段的优势反应潜伏期较短，并且在获取阶段，XY 小鼠比 XX 小鼠更频繁地无法维持观察反应。这些结果表明，SCC 在不影响整体学习率的情况下影响获取和反转性能期间响应选择的特征模式。更广泛地，
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