A variety of methods have been developed for accurate and systematic evaluation of chemical genotoxicity. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) and 1,3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) have been extensively applied in industrial fields. Although 1,3-PS, but not CAN, has been reported as a potent carcinogen, systematic assessment of the genotoxic properties of these chemicals has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to establish a decision tree for evaluating genotoxicity based on the good laboratory practices (GLP) system using 1,3-PS and CAN as test chemicals. In vitro studies were performed including the bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and micronucleus assay. We conducted in vivo studies using a combined micronucleus and alkaline comet (MN-CMT) assay and the Pig-a gene mutation assay, which is a promising method for detecting gene mutations in vivo. CAN showed negative responses in all in vitro genotoxicity assays and the in vivo combined MN-CMT assay. Meanwhile, 1,3-PS had positive results in all in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. In this study, we confirmed the genotoxicity of 1,3-PS and CAN using both in vitro and in vivo assays. We propose a decision tree for evaluating chemical-induced genotoxicity.

中文翻译：

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硝酸铈铵和 1,3-丙烷磺内酯遗传毒性作用的体外和体内评估

已经开发了多种方法来准确和系统地评估化学遗传毒性。硝酸铈铵（CAN）和1,3-丙烷磺内酯（1,3-PS）已广泛应用于工业领域。尽管 1,3-PS 而非 CAN 已被报告为一种强致癌物，但尚未对这些化学品的遗传毒性特性进行系统评估。本研究的目的是基于使用 1,3-PS 和 CAN 作为测试化学品的良好实验室规范 (GLP) 系统建立用于评估遗传毒性的决策树。进行了体外研究，包括细菌回复突变试验、染色体畸变试验和微核试验。我们使用联合微核和碱性彗星 (MN-CMT) 测定和 Pig-a 基因突变测定进行了体内研究，这是一种很有前景的体内检测基因突变的方法。CAN 在所有体外基因毒性试验和体内联合 MN-CMT 试验中均显示阴性反应。同时，1,3-PS 在所有体外和体内基因毒性试验中均获得阳性结果。在这项研究中，我们使用体外和体内试验证实了 1,3-PS 和 CAN 的遗传毒性。我们提出了一种用于评估化学诱导的遗传毒性的决策树。