Abstract Wide spread of antibiotic resistant microorganisms and genes urge the evolution of effective methods to remove antibiotic pollution from the environment. Ag3PO4 is one of the best visible light photocatalyst but has drawbacks due to low stability. Combining Ag3PO4 with BiVO4 and g-C3N4 is expected to overcome these drawbacks and improve the efficiency. The present study deals with preparation of tetrahedral Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/BiVO4 ternary composite with superior photocatalytic activity and stability for efficient detoxification of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Pure BiVO4 (51.3 %), g-C3N4 (40.2 %), Ag3PO4 (60.1 %) and other composites showed lower efficiency than Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/BiVO4 (93.6 %) in photodegradation of SMX (20 mg/L) after 60 min. Tetrahedral Ag3PO4 showed superior light adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity when combined with g-C3N4/BiVO4 and also showed reduced charge recombination which were supported by UV-DRS and PL analysis. The synergistic effects of both g-C3N4 and Ag3PO4/BiVO4 in the structure could facilitate the enhanced photostability and recyclability to Ag3PO4. Furthermore, the intermediate compounds generated during degradation of SMX were analyzed by LC-MS analysis and the plausible pathway was proposed. Moreover, the biotoxicity of the intermediate compounds was investigated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony forming unit assay and the results revealed that after 60 min a substantial decrease in biotoxicity was observed.

中文翻译：

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新型四面体Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/BiVO4三元复合物的制备用于磺胺甲恶唑的高效解毒

摘要 抗生素抗性微生物和基因的广泛传播推动了有效方法的发展，以消除环境中的抗生素污染。Ag3PO4 是最好的可见光光催化剂之一，但由于稳定性低而存在缺点。Ag3PO4 与 BiVO4 和 g-C3N4 的结合有望克服这些缺点并提高效率。本研究涉及制备具有优异光催化活性和稳定性的四面体 Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/BiVO4 三元复合材料，用于有效解毒磺胺甲恶唑 (SMX)。纯 BiVO4 (51.3 %)、g-C3N4 (40.2 %)、Ag3PO4 (60.1 %) 和其他复合材料在 60 年后光降解 SMX (20 mg/L) 的效率低于 Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/BiVO4 (93.6 %)分钟 当与 g-C3N4/BiVO4 结合时，四面体 Ag3PO4 显示出优异的光吸附能力和光催化活性，并且还显示出减少的电荷复合，这得到了 UV-DRS 和 PL 分析的支持。g-C3N4 和 Ag3PO4/BiVO4 在结构中的协同作用可以促进增强的光稳定性和对 Ag3PO4 的可回收性。此外，通过 LC-MS 分析对 SMX 降解过程中产生的中间化合物进行了分析，并提出了可能的途径。此外，中间体化合物的生物毒性通过大肠杆菌（E.coli）菌落形成单位测定进行研究，结果表明，60 分钟后观察到生物毒性显着降低。g-C3N4 和 Ag3PO4/BiVO4 在结构中的协同作用可以促进增强的光稳定性和对 Ag3PO4 的可回收性。此外，通过 LC-MS 分析对 SMX 降解过程中产生的中间化合物进行了分析，并提出了可能的途径。此外，中间体化合物的生物毒性通过大肠杆菌（E.coli）菌落形成单位测定进行研究，结果表明，60 分钟后观察到生物毒性显着降低。g-C3N4 和 Ag3PO4/BiVO4 在结构中的协同作用可以促进增强的光稳定性和对 Ag3PO4 的可回收性。此外，通过 LC-MS 分析对 SMX 降解过程中产生的中间化合物进行了分析，并提出了可能的途径。此外，中间体化合物的生物毒性通过大肠杆菌（E.coli）菌落形成单位测定进行研究，结果表明，60 分钟后观察到生物毒性显着降低。