Diarrhea caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common clinical diseases observed in captive wild boars, is usually caused by an imbalance in the gut microbiome, and is responsible for piglets significant mortality. However, little research has been undertaken into the structure and function of the intestinal microbial communities in wild boar with diarrhea influenced by enterotoxigenic E. coli. In this study, fecal samples were collected and 16S-rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the intestinal microbiome of healthy captive wild boar and wild boar with diarrhea on the same farm. We found that the intestinal microbial diversity of healthy wild boar (HWB) was relatively high, while that of diarrheic wild boar (DWB) was significantly lower. Line Discriminant Analysis Effect Size showed that at the genus level, the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Fusobacterium was significantly higher in DWB. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States analysis showed that the expression of genes in pathways including infectious diseases: bacterial, metabolism of amino acids, membrane transport, and signal transduction was significantly higher in DWB. In summary, this study provides a theoretical basis for the design of appropriate means of diarrhea treatment in captive wild boar.

由产肠毒素性大肠杆菌（ETEC）引起的腹泻是在圈养野猪中观察到的最常见的临床疾病之一，通常由肠道微生物组失衡引起，是造成仔猪大量死亡的原因。然而，对于受肠毒素大肠杆菌感染的腹泻的野猪中肠道微生物群落的结构和功能的研究很少。。在这项研究中，收集了粪便样本，并使用16S-rRNA基因测序比较了同一农场中健康圈养的野猪和腹泻的野猪的肠道微生物组。我们发现健康野猪（HWB）的肠道微生物多样性较高，而腹泻野猪（DWB）的肠道微生物多样性较低。线判别分析的影响大小显示，在属水平上，大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌和梭菌的丰度在DWB中明显更高。通过重构未观察到的状态对社区进行的系统进化研究表明，在DWB中，包括感染性疾病在内的各种途径中的基因表达：细菌，氨基酸代谢，膜转运和信号转导都明显更高。总之，本研究为圈养野猪腹泻的适当治疗方法的设计提供了理论基础。