Extraction of bioactive ingredients from saffron petals was investigated using conventional hot water (CHW) and three green innovative processing techniques including ohmic heating assisted extraction (OHAE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) systems, in terms of energy consumption, yield, and physicochemical properties. Process optimization by response surface methodology showed that the optimum operating conditions were 45min-225 V, 4.25min-500 W and 40.61 min-135.3 W for OHAE, MAE, and UAE, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, extracts obtained through OHAE, MAE, UAE and CHW methods show 928, 869, 863 and 721 mg/100 g of total phenolic content (TPC), 148, 115, 130 and 101 mg/100 g of total flavonoid content (TFC) and 238, 206, 205 and 189 mg/100 g of total anthocyanin content (TAC), respectively. The IC50 values of extracts were 178, 226, 335 and 517 μg/mL at the optimized condition of OHAE, MAE, UAE and CHW, respectively. The LC–MS profiles unveiled the presence of kaempferol derivatives and anthocyanins as main flavonols in all extracts. The extracts obtained using OHAE presented the maximum antimicrobial activity and lipase enzyme inhibitory. Based on overall analysis of the data, we recommend OHAE as an optimal technique providing saffron petals extracts having the highest combination of bioactives compounds in reasonably extraction time.

在能源方面，使用常规热水（CHW）和三种绿色创新处理技术（包括欧姆加热辅助提取（OHAE），超声辅助提取（UAE）和微波辅助提取（MAE）系统）研究了从藏红花花瓣中提取生物活性成分的方法。消耗，产量和理化特性。通过响应面方法进行的工艺优化表明，OHAE，MAE和阿联酋的最佳操作条件分别为45min-225 V，4.25min-500 W和40.61 min-135.3W。在最佳条件下，通过OHAE，MAE，UAE和CHW方法获得的提取物显示928、869、863和721 mg / 100 g总酚含量（TPC），148、115、130和101 mg / 100 g总黄酮含量（TFC）和238、206、205和189 mg / 100 g总花青素含量（TAC），分别。在OHAE，MAE，UAE和CHW的最佳条件下，提取物的IC50值分别为178、226、335和517μg/ mL。LC-MS谱图揭示了在所有提取物中主要成分为黄酮醇的山emp酚衍生物和花色苷。使用OHAE获得的提取物表现出最大的抗菌活性和对脂肪酶的抑制作用。基于对数据的整体分析，我们建议将OHAE作为一种最佳技术，在合理的提取时间内提供藏红花花瓣提取物，其生物活性化合物的结合率最高。使用OHAE获得的提取物具有最大的抗菌活性和脂肪酶抑制作用。基于对数据的整体分析，我们建议OHAE是一种最佳技术，可在合理的提取时间内提供藏红花花瓣提取物，其生物活性化合物的结合率最高。使用OHAE获得的提取物表现出最大的抗菌活性和对脂肪酶的抑制作用。基于对数据的整体分析，我们建议将OHAE作为一种最佳技术，在合理的提取时间内提供藏红花花瓣提取物，其生物活性化合物的结合率最高。