In this study, two types of core@shell nanoparticles, CeO₂@Pd and inverse Pd@CeO₂ nanoparticles, were synthesized by sequential deposition and electrostatic attraction-induced deposition method, respectively. Then, the core@shell nanoparticles supported on halloysite were thermally treated at different temperatures, and the nascent core@shell/H-x catalysts were characterized and evaluated for their three-way catalytic performance. During the thermal treatment (650 °C, 800 °C, and 1100 °C), the CeO₂@Pd/H-x catalysts showed strong temperature sensitivity, resulting in aggregation of the active metal particles, degradation of the textural properties, and weak interactions between the active sites and support, accompanied by the deactivation of the three-way reaction. Remarkably, Pd@CeO₂/H-800 exhibits excellent catalytic performance because it has an appropriate Pd-CeO₂ interaction and high thermal stability, which effectively suppresses the encapsulation and aggregation of Pd@CeO₂ nanoparticles and imparts a high content of Ce³⁺ species and oxygen vacancies and equivalent of Pd²⁺/Pd° ratio.

在这项研究中，分别通过顺序沉积法和静电吸引诱导沉积法合成了两种类型的核壳纳米粒子CeO ₂ @Pd和逆Pd @ CeO ₂纳米粒子。然后，在不同温度下对负载在埃洛石上的核壳纳米粒子进行了热处理，并对新生的核壳/ Hx催化剂进行了表征并评估了其三效催化性能。在热处理期间（650°C，800°C和1100°C），CeO ₂@ Pd / Hx催化剂显示出很强的温度敏感性，导致活性金属颗粒聚集，质构性能下降以及活性位点与载体之间的弱相互作用，伴随三向反应的失活。值得注意的是，Pd @ CeO ₂ / H-800具有良好的催化性能，因为它具有适当的Pd-CeO ₂相互作用和高的热稳定性，可有效抑制Pd @ CeO ₂纳米粒子的包封和聚集，并赋予高含量的Ce ^{3 +}物种和氧空位以及当量Pd ²⁺ / Pd°比。