A plethora of genetic and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the heterogeneous and multifactorial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease, and hence the conventional “one target-one drug” paradigm has failed so far to provide effective therapeutic solutions, precisely because of the complex nature of ALS. This review intends to highlight how the integration of emerging “omics” approaches may provide a rational foundation for the comprehensive exploration of molecular pathways and dynamic interactions involved in ALS, for the identification of candidate targets and biomarkers that will assist in the rapid diagnosis and prognosis, lastly for the stratification of patients into different subgroups with the aim of personalized therapeutic strategies. To this purpose, particular emphasis will be placed on some potential therapeutic targets, including neurotrophic factors and histamine signaling that both have emerged as dysregulated at different omics levels in specific subgroups of ALS patients, and have already shown promising results in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. To conclude, we will discuss about the utility of using integrated omics coupled with network-based approaches to provide additional guidance for personalization of medicine applications in ALS.

异质性和多因素性肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）的病理生理学涉及多种遗传和分子机制，因此，迄今为止，常规的“一种靶标一药”范式未能提供有效的治疗方案，这完全是因为ALS的复杂性。这篇综述旨在强调新兴的“组学”方法的整合如何为全面探索ALS涉及的分子途径和动态相互作用提供合理的基础，以鉴定有助于快速诊断和预后的候选靶标和生物标记物。最后，目的是根据个性化治疗策略将患者分为不同的亚组。为此，ALS的体外和体内模型。总而言之，我们将讨论结合使用集成组学和基于网络的方法的实用性，以为ALS中的医学应用程序个性化提供其他指导。