A ceramic tile batch from Egyptian raw materials includes kaolin, quartz and feldspar in addition to few additive of bentonite is designed. The phase and chemical composition of the raw materials are investigated using XRD and XRF, respectively. Kaolin is composed of kaolinite and quartz, while kaolinitic sand is formed essentially of quartz with a lesser content of kaolin. Feldspars are represented by albite and orthoclase with subordinate amounts of quartz. The batch was ground, mixed, shaped, pressed and fired from 1160 to 1260 °C. Linear shrinkage and bulk density were determined at dry state and after firing, while water absorption and porosity were detected after firing. The phase composition and microstructure as well as microchemistry of the batch fired at 1260 °C were detected using XRD and EDAX, respectively. Whiteness of the fired batches at 1260 °C is relatively low (49.85%), which is due the impurity contents in the used raw materials. It is concluded that by increasing the firing temperature, the bulk density and linear shrinkage increased, while apparent porosity and water adsorption decreased. The essential minerals of the fired batches at 1260 °C are quartz and mullite with few amounts of albite. The Microstructure and EDAX ensure the presence of primary mullite in a glass matrix.

用埃及原料制成的瓷砖批次包括高岭土，石英和长石，此外还设计了很少的膨润土添加剂。分别使用XRD和XRF研究了原料的相和化学组成。高岭土由高岭石和石英组成，而高岭土砂基本上由石英形成，而高岭土含量较少。长石由钠长石和正长石与少量石英构成。将批料研磨，混合，成型，压制并在1160至1260°C下烧制。在干燥状态和焙烧后测定线性收缩率和堆积密度，而在焙烧后测定吸水率和孔隙率。使用XRD和EDAX分别检测了在1260°C焙烧的批料的相组成和微观结构以及微观化学。在1260°C下烧成的批次的白度相对较低（49.85％），这是由于所用原料中的杂质含量所致。结论是，通过提高烧成温度，堆积密度和线性收缩率增加，而表观孔隙率和吸水率降低。在1260°C下煅烧批次的主要矿物是石英和莫来石，少量的钠长石。微结构和EDAX可确保玻璃基质中存在莫来石。