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Root Elongation Method for the Quality Assessment of Metal-Polluted Soils: Whole Soil or Soil-Water Extract?
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s42729-020-00295-x
Eva V. Prudnikova , Alexander Neaman , Vera A. Terekhova , Mikhail M. Karpukhin , Evgenii L. Vorobeichik , Ivan A. Smorkalov , Elvira A. Dovletyarova , Claudia Navarro-Villarroel , Rosanna Ginocchio , Patricia Peñaloza

Root elongation method may be implemented using two internationally accepted protocols: exposing plants to either soil-water extract or whole soil. But which of the two protocols is more suitable for root elongation analysis undertaken for the quality assessment of metal-polluted soils? Soils were sampled at various distances from the site of the Middle Urals Copper Smelter located in Russia. White mustard was used as a bioindicator. We observed considerable differences in root elongation under the two protocols. In plants grown in whole soil, root length inversely correlated with pollution index, but in soil-water extract, metal concentrations had no effect on root length. Nutrient and metal concentrations in the soil-water extract were not buffered, due to the absence of the solid soil phase. It is for this reason that in highly polluted soils, root growth was greater in soil-water extracts rather than in whole soils, whereas in background soils (in the absence of toxicity), root growth was greater in whole soils compared with soil-water extracts. The quantity, intensity, and capacity factors are a plausible explanation for the differences in root length between the two protocols. The soil-water extract does not represent actual soil with respect to the desorption-dissolution reactions that take place between the soil solid phase and the soil solution. For this reason, whole soil protocol should be used for measuring root elongation given that only under this protocol, direct contact between metal-polluted soil and test organisms correctly replicates the risks inherent in the actual soil habitat.

中文翻译:

用于金属污染土壤质量评估的根系伸长法:整个土壤还是土壤-水提取物?

根伸长方法可以使用两种国际公认的协议来实施:将植物暴露于土壤-水提取物或整个土壤。但是这两种方案中哪一种更适合用于金属污染土壤质量评估的根伸长分析?在距位于俄罗斯的中乌拉尔铜冶炼厂不同距离处对土壤进行采样。白芥末用作生物指示剂。我们观察到两种方案下根伸长率的显着差异。在整个土壤中生长的植物中,根长与污染指数呈负相关,但在土壤-水提取物中,金属浓度对根长没有影响。由于没有固体土壤相,土壤-水提取物中的营养物质和金属浓度没有缓冲。正是因为这个原因,在高度污染的土壤中,土壤-水提取物的根系生长比整个土壤中的更大,而在背景土壤中(在没有毒性的情况下),与土壤-水提取物相比,整个土壤中的根系生长更大。数量、强度和容量因素是两种协议之间根长度差异的合理解释。对于土壤固相和土壤溶液之间发生的解吸-溶解反应,土壤-水提取物并不代表实际土壤。因此,应使用整个土壤协议来测量根伸长率,因为只有在该协议下,金属污染土壤和测试生物之间的直接接触才能正确复制实际土壤栖息地中固有的风险。而在背景土壤中(在没有毒性的情况下),与土壤-水提取物相比,整个土壤中的根系生长更大。数量、强度和容量因素是两种协议之间根长度差异的合理解释。对于土壤固相和土壤溶液之间发生的解吸-溶解反应,土壤-水提取物并不代表实际土壤。因此,应使用整个土壤协议来测量根伸长率,因为只有在该协议下,金属污染土壤和测试生物之间的直接接触才能正确复制实际土壤栖息地中固有的风险。而在背景土壤中(在没有毒性的情况下),与土壤-水提取物相比,整个土壤中的根系生长更大。数量、强度和容量因素是两种协议之间根长度差异的合理解释。对于土壤固相和土壤溶液之间发生的解吸-溶解反应,土壤-水提取物并不代表实际土壤。因此,应使用整个土壤协议来测量根伸长率,因为只有在该协议下,金属污染土壤和测试生物之间的直接接触才能正确复制实际土壤栖息地中固有的风险。和容量因素是两个协议之间根长度差异的合理解释。对于土壤固相和土壤溶液之间发生的解吸-溶解反应,土壤-水提取物并不代表实际土壤。因此,应使用整个土壤协议来测量根伸长率,因为只有在该协议下,金属污染土壤和测试生物之间的直接接触才能正确复制实际土壤栖息地中固有的风险。和容量因素是两个协议之间根长度差异的合理解释。对于土壤固相和土壤溶液之间发生的解吸-溶解反应,土壤-水提取物并不代表实际土壤。因此,应使用整个土壤协议来测量根伸长率,因为只有在该协议下,金属污染土壤和测试生物之间的直接接触才能正确复制实际土壤栖息地中固有的风险。
更新日期:2020-07-10
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