Saliva plays a key role in food absorption and digestion mainly due to both its enzymes and microbiota. The main objective of this study was to compare the oral microbiota and salivary parameters between men and women in response to feeding. To answer this question, we set up a pilot study on 10 male and 10 female subjects to examine the role of saliva in glycaemia physiology. Biological parameters and the microbiotal composition of saliva were analyzed in fasted and fed states. The results show that the level of blood glucose was not different between men and women in the fasted state (88.00 mg/dL ± 6.38 vs 87.00 mg/dL ±8.07, p = 0.9149) or in the fed state (102.44 mg/dL ± 14.03 vs 116.9 mg/dL ± 25, p = 0.1362). Free fatty acids (FFA 0.15 mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.07 mmol/L ± 0.07, p = 0,0078), cholesterol (0.53 mmol/L ± 0.30 vs 0.15 mmol/L ± 0.14, p < 0.0001), and total saliva proteins (13.2 g/L ± 4.31 vs 9.02 g/L ± 6.98, p = 0.0168) were decreased after feeding, as well as the saliva lipase (27.89 U/L ± 25.7 vs 12.28 U/L ± 4.85, p = 0.0126). A very significant increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcaceae (24.56 ± 9.32 vs 13.53 ± 7.47, p = 0.00055) and a decrease in Prevotellaceae (34.45 ± 9.30 vs 17.43 ± 9.03, p = 0.00055) were observed in the fed condition. When investigating gender-related differences in the fasted state, men showed higher levels of cholesterol (0.71 mmol/L ± 0.26 vs 0.40 mmol/L ± 0.27, p = 0.0329), FFA (0.25 mmol/L ± 0.18 vs 0.08 mmol/L ± 0.06, p = 0.0049), and triglycerides (0.24 mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.09 mmol/L ± 0.04, p = 0.006) than women. Finally, differences could be observed in saliva microbiota between men and women in the fasted condition but even more in the fed condition, where Porphyromonas and Capnocytophaga were overrepresented in the male salivary samples compared with female saliva. Thus, biological parameters and microbiota in saliva could be the signatures of the feeding conditions and sex gender status.

唾液在食物吸收和消化中起着关键作用，主要是由于其酶和微生物群。本研究的主要目的是比较男性和女性在进食时的口腔微生物群和唾液参数。为了回答这个问题，我们对 10 名男性和 10 名女性受试者进行了一项试点研究，以检查唾液在血糖生理学中的作用。在禁食和进食状态下分析唾液的生物学参数和微生物组成。结果显示，男性和女性在禁食状态（88.00 mg/dL ± 6.38 vs 87.00 mg/dL ±8.07，p  = 0.9149）或进食状态（102.44 mg/dL ± 14.03 与 116.9 毫克/分升 ± 25，p = 0.1362）。游离脂肪酸（FFA 0.15 mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.07 mmol/L ± 0.07，p = 0,0078）、胆固醇（0.53 mmol/L ± 0.30 vs 0.15 mmol/L ± 0.14，p  < 0.0001）和总唾液 喂食后蛋白质（13.2 g/L ± 4.31 vs 9.02 g/L ± 6.98，p = 0.0168）以及唾液脂肪酶（27.89 U/L ± 25.7 vs 12.28 U/L ± 4.85，p  = 0.0126）减少. 链球菌科的相对丰度显着增加（24.56 ± 9.32 对 13.53 ± 7.47，p  = 0.00055）和普氏菌科的减少（34.45 ± 9.30 对 17.43 ± 9.03，p = 0.00055) 在喂食条件下观察到。在调查禁食状态下与性别相关的差异时，男性的胆固醇水平较高（0.71 mmol/L ± 0.26 vs 0.40 mmol/L ± 0.27，p  = 0.0329）、FFA（0.25 mmol/L ± 0.18 vs 0.08 mmol/L） ± 0.06, p  = 0.0049) 和甘油三酯 (0.24 mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.09 mmol/L ± 0.04, p  = 0.006) 高于女性。最后，可以观察到禁食条件下男性和女性唾液微生物群的差异，但在进食条件下甚至更多，其中卟啉单胞菌和嗜二氧化碳细胞与女性唾液相比，男性唾液样本中的比例过高。因此，唾液中的生物参数和微生物群可能是喂养条件和性别状态的特征。