Purpose

Macrophages are highly plastic cells. Under different stimuli, macrophages can be polarized into several different subsets. Two main macrophage subsets have been suggested: classically activated or inflammatory (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. Macrophage polarization is governed by a highly complex set of regulatory networks. Many recent studies have shown that macrophages are key orchestrators in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and that regulation of macrophage polarization may improve the prognosis of ALI/ARDS. A further understanding of the mechanisms of macrophage polarization is expected to be helpful in the development of novel therapeutic targets to treat ALI/ARDS. Therefore, we performed a literature review to summarize the regulatory mechanisms of macrophage polarization and its role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS.

Methods

A computer-based online search was performed using the PubMed database and Web of Science database for published articles concerning macrophages, macrophage polarization, and ALI/ARDS.

Results

In this review, we discuss the origin, polarization, and polarization regulation of macrophages as well as the role of macrophage polarization in various stages of ARDS. According to the current literature, regulating the polarized state of macrophages might be a potential therapeutic strategy against ALI/ARDS.

中文翻译：

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巨噬细胞极化及其在急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征发病机制中的作用。

目的

巨噬细胞是高度可塑性的细胞。在不同的刺激下，巨噬细胞可以分化成几个不同的亚群。已经提出了两个主要的巨噬细胞亚群：经典激活或炎症 (M1) 巨噬细胞和激活或抗炎 (M2) 巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞极化由一组高度复杂的调节网络控制。最近的许多研究表明，巨噬细胞是急性肺损伤（ALI）/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）发病机制中的关键协调者，巨噬细胞极化的调节可能会改善 ALI/ARDS 的预后。预计对巨噬细胞极化机制的进一步了解将有助于开发治疗 ALI/ARDS 的新治疗靶点。所以，

方法

使用 PubMed 数据库和 Web of Science 数据库对已发表的有关巨噬细胞、巨噬细胞极化和 ALI/ARDS 的文章进行基于计算机的在线搜索。

结果

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了巨噬细胞的起源、极化和极化调控，以及巨噬细胞极化在 ARDS 不同阶段中的作用。根据目前的文献，调节巨噬细胞的极化状态可能是对抗 ALI/ARDS 的潜在治疗策略。