Land subsidence along significant linear engineering is mainly affected by long-term over-extraction of groundwater, mining of mineral resources, and karst collapse. In this paper, combined with the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, a three-dimensional fluid-solid model of land subsidence is established based on groundwater seepage and Biot’s consolidation theories, in order to analyze and forecast the evolution law of the groundwater and land subsidence. The numerical results are verified using field monitoring data (InSAR and high-precision level measurement results). On the basis of monitoring and numerical results, the induced factors and distribution characteristics of land subsidence along the high-speed railway line are determined. According to different groundwater exploitation schemes, the development and evolution laws of ground subsidence in the future are predicted to analyze the influence of ground subsidence on high-speed railway line. The results suggest that (1) the main influencing factors of land subsidence in DK306~DK313 and DK411~DK414 sections are groundwater over-extraction, while DK276~DK279 section is coal mining, DK368~DK372 section requires a special research; (2) the decrease of land subsidence rate and differential subsidence are shown to be nonlinear with the reduction of groundwater withdrawal; (3) under the same mining conditions of groundwater, the land subsidence rate and differential subsidence are declining with time; (4) the surface differential subsidence is obviously sensitive to groundwater exploitation.

重大线性工程中的地面沉降主要受地下水的长期过度开采，矿产资源的开采和岩溶塌陷的影响。本文结合工程地质和水文地质条件，建立了基于地下水渗流和Biot固结理论的地面沉降三维流固模型，以分析和预测地下水和地面沉降的演化规律。 。使用现场监视数据（InSAR和高精度液位测量结果）验证了数值结果。在监测和数值结果的基础上，确定了高速铁路沿线地面沉降的诱发因素和分布特征。根据不同的地下水开采方案，预测了地面沉降的未来发展演变规律，以分析地面沉降对高速铁路的影响。研究结果表明：（1）DK306〜DK313，DK411〜DK414段地面沉降的主要影响因素是地下水超采，而DK276〜DK279段是煤矿开采的，DK368〜DK372段需要特殊研究；（2）随着地下水抽取量的减少，地面沉降率和微分沉降的减少呈非线性关系；（3）在地下水开采条件相同的情况下，地面沉降率和微分沉降率随时间下降；（4）地表差异沉降对地下水开采明显敏感。