Pulsed laser irradiation at the titanium-water interface leads to immediate plasma formation with an emission of shockwaves and cavitation bubbles. The constituent species of plasma at the titanium-water interface eventually leads to the formation of anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO 2 nanoparticles. During the nucleation process, such a nanoparticle is able to withstand extreme pressure and temperature transients attributed to plasma, shockwaves and cavitation bubbles. In view of this, the thermodynamical aspects of TiO 2 nanoparticles (anatase phase) are investigated with elucidation of the possible role played by fluid dynamical phenomena, such as high speed shockwaves and cavitation bubbles, in tailoring the phase transitions. It is observed that the characteristic traits of the shockwaves and cavitation bubbles will play a pivotal role, including laser-induced fragmentation, which will also alter the phase traits of the nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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流体力学效应在激活激光诱导的TiO 2纳米粒子相变中的作用

在钛-水界面处的脉冲激光辐照导致立即形成等离子体，并发射冲击波和空化气泡。钛-水界面处的等离子体组成物种最终导致锐钛矿和TiO 2纳米颗粒的金红石多晶型物的形成。在成核过程中，这种纳米颗粒能够承受归因于等离子体，冲击波和空化气泡的极端压力和温度瞬变。鉴于此，研究了TiO 2纳米颗粒（锐钛矿相）的热力学方面，并阐明了流体动力学现象（如高速冲击波和空化气泡）在调整相变过程中可能发挥的作用。可以看到，冲击波和空化气泡的特征将起关键作用，