Inclusive $\left(p,\alpha x\right)$ reactions from 42 to 300 MeV are investigated to quantitatively understand the roles of direct pickup and knockout processes. These two processes as well as indirect pickup are incorporated into the intranuclear cascade model. Calculations followed by the evaporation model successfully explain the double-differential cross-section spectra in terms of both shape and magnitude. Direct pickup occupies the low excitation energies of the spectra, and knockout appears between the direct pickup and evaporation regions. The contribution of knockout is negligible below 100 MeV, increases to be comparable with that of direct pickup at 160 MeV, and is dominant above 200 MeV. Indirect pickup shows an important contribution at 300 MeV. The direct pickup and knockout processes show decreasing trends of incident-energy dependence, common to targets ranging from ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ to ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$. However, the decrease of direct pickup is much faster than that for knockout.

中文翻译：

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从42到300 MeV的包容（p，αx）反应中的直接拾取和敲除过程

包括的 $（p，\alpha X）$研究了从42 MeV到300 MeV的反应，以定量地了解直接拾取和敲除过程的作用。这两个过程以及间接拾取被合并到核内级联模型中。蒸发模型之后的计算成功地从形状和大小两方面解释了双微分截面光谱。直接拾取占​​据了光谱的低激发能，并且在直接拾取和蒸发区域之间出现了敲除。在100 MeV以下，敲除的贡献可忽略不计，与在160 MeV时直接拾取的损失可比较，而在200 MeV以上则占主导。间接拾取在300 MeV时显示出重要的贡献。直接的拾取和击倒过程显示出入射能量依赖性的下降趋势，常见的目标范围从${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ 至 ${}^{209}双$。但是，直接拾取的减少比淘汰赛要快得多。